Servervault Case

ServerVault Case Servervault is a company in the hosting industry located in the United States which has been in operation since December 1999. A hosting company provides its customers with physical space for servers and supporting services. Servervault chooses only to operate in the managed hosting section which gives more value-added services to customers. ServerVault attracts Internet-reliant and security-savvy customers. It also provides end-to-end solutions to customers. Servervault differentiates itself from competitors by offering high level of security protection.It also has enough bandwidth and power supply to ensure the Internet access is always available. Servervault has three sources of revenue: one-time setup fees for new customers, monthly hosting fees and fees for additional value-added services. Although the variable cost of serving an additional customer is relatively low, it requires large funds to build facilities upfront. Recently, the president/CEO and CFO want t o raise some capital for its expansion. The potential investors want to learn more about ServerVault’s projected cash needs to make the investment decision.Macroeconomic analysis Economic background As it can be seen from Appendix A(1), the NASDAQ composite peaked at 5048. 62 in March 2000 before dropped dramatically to 3205. 11 in April. The major contributor to the loss is the internet bubble. The increasing stock prices over the last few years made some investors too confident in IT companies. However, the collapse of the bubble took place in 2000, when a lot of IT companies failed. As a result, the NASDAQ composite witnesses a huge loss in the stock market. Hence, it is a good opportunity for ServerVault to get more market share.On the other hand, Appendix A(2) illustrates that the US GDP has kept growing during the last six years, which suggests that the loss may only occur in the IT sector. The growth in GDP brings more business capital spending. (Please see Appendix A( 3)). Some of these capital spending may be used to hire third parties to strengthen firms’ IT departments. Therefore, it is a good news for ServerVault since it may have more customers in the future. Social background An analysis in social background will help ServerVault to determine what customer needs.The number of internet users worldwide was only about 30 million in 1995, but it increases to around 280 million in 2000. Please see Appendix B. The popularity of internet offers businesses a new way to advertise and sell their products. Nowadays, people like to shop online so that more and more companies need reliable internet servers to handle complex transactions. Since ServerVault specializes in this area, the increase in the number of internet users is definitely good. Microeconomic analysis Competitors Competitors are a major threat to the business.Therefore, to gain some insights of competitors’ businesses can help ServerVault to determine where it stands in rel ation to the industry. According to the information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, ServerVault faced intensive competition in 2000, as the number of establishments in the data processing and web hosting industry was approximately 28000. However, that number decreases by 46% to around 15000 in late 2011. (Appendix C(1)). As the demand for web hosting services has kept growing, during the 10-year period, some firms in the industry become very large while a lot of them failed.In 2000, the leaders in the managed section of the web hosting industry were Digex, IMB and Data Return. The major service provided by Digex is largely the same with the one offered by ServerVault. However, Digex also has revenues from value-added services including firewall management, stress testing, consulting services. It also provides computer hardware, software, network technology, and systems management necessary to customers. In the year of 2000, it had revenues of 168 million and a net loss of 143 m illion. As it can be seen from its balance sheet, it has huge investment in capital assets.Its property and equipment account for 77% of its total assets. (Please see Appendix C(2)). IBM operates in five business segments. Web hosting services would fall in the system and technology segment, which provides clients with business applications requiring computing power and storage capabilities. The total number of signed strategic outsourcing contracts valued at more than $100 million increases from 24 in 1997 to 58 in 2000. In 2011, the system and technology segment had revenue of 20 billion with pre-tax income of 1. 6 billion. (Please see Appendix C(3)).Data return also offers ongoing maintenance of hardware and software, including content back-ups and system upgrades, in addition to its web hosting service. It has total revenue of $7. 1 million and a net loss of $12 million in 2000. (Please see Appendix C(4)). Customers Customers are very important to ServerVault, because they are t he source of revenue. Small companies usually have simple internet needs and can be satisfied by shared hosting services. Those who already owned and managed their own servers but lack a suitable space and a reliable internet connection are customers of the co-location segment.The customers in the managed section would be companies with significant internet presence and high volume e-commerce. E-commerce in the United States grows at a fast speed during the last decade. Please see Appendix D(1). Since each e-commerce company has the possibility to outsource their web host, the demand for managed web hosting service will also grow at a fast pace. In addition, globalization, deregulation, and technological innovation force companies to find outsourcers to get ready for the future. Please see Appendix D(2).Therefore, ServerVault can attract lots of customers with custom services that fit customers’ needs at reasonable cost. Substitute If there are many substitutes, the demand fo r the managed web hosting service will decline as customers are able to switch between different services. Therefore, it is important to determine if there are any substitutes to the managed web hosting industry. To operate internet-based applications, companies only have two options. They can either outsource that work to a third party or do it by themselves.Outsourcing has several advantages. Firstly, companies should focus on the goods and services that they sell or provide. The time spend on developing internet-based application could be better spent to make their products and services more competitive. Secondly, there is financial advantage to outsource the work to a third party. Digex, one of the major competitors, spent around $170 million to purchase property and equipment. (Please see Appendix E). For many companies, it is a significant amount of cash flow.In addition, companies can cut the number of employees required in the IT department. Meanwhile, the outsourcing expens e is tax deductible under tax law. Lastly, the technology used in the web hosting industry is usually far from clients’ core business area. It is not wise to spend time and money in this technology. Suppliers Since server is an important input to the business, the server price will have an impact on the profit. There is much competition in the server market, as the total number of the server manufacturer amounts to 14132 worldwide.The majority of them are located in China and other Asian countries. Please see Appendix F(1). However, IBM, HP, Dell, Oracle, Fujitsu have almost 90% of the total market share. Please see Appendix F(2). Therefore, it is likely that ServerVault will choose to buy servers from these manufacturers, and it needs to carefully monitor the market price to make wise purchase decision. New entrants To learn more about the possibility of new entrants is beneficial to ServerVault, because new entrants will have downward pressure on prices which may affect the earnings negatively.The major factor that will prevent new entrants to the industry will be labor shortage. Please see Appendix G. In 2000, the labor shortage of computer professionals may limit the growth of the IT industry. As college graduates prefer to work for large companies, newly-founded companies will find it very hard to hire suitable employees. Therefore, it is very unlikely that the web hosting industry will have many new entrants in the next a few years. Appendix A A(1) Source: http://www. google. com/finance/historical? q=INDEXNASDAQ%3A.IXIC&histperiod=weekly&ei=cKBjULDdL4mQkwPTwwE A(2) Source: the raw data come from US Department of Commerce-Bureau of Economic Analysis http://www. bea. gov/national/index. htm#gdp A(3) Business capital spending. U. S. corporations are primary purchasers of information technology, and they often require the help of computer services vendors in order to use it effectively. Therefore, any long-term decline in the level of business capita l spending would result in fewer computers being set up and maintained and would have a negative impact on the computer services industry.Figures for U. S. business capital spending (categorized as â€Å"nonresidential fixed investment†) are available quarterly from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. During the past few years, business spending has risen faster than the economy. In 1999, such spending was up 8. 3% over 1998. Source: http://www. netadvantage. standardandpoors. com. myaccess. library. utoronto. ca/NASApp/NetAdvantage/showIndustrySurvey. do? code=ccs&date=/ccs_0600/ccs_0600. htm Appendix B Source: http://www. netadvantage. standardandpoors. com. myaccess. library. toronto. ca/NASApp/NetAdvantage/showIndustrySurvey. do? code=cox&date=/cox_0300/cox_0300. htm Appendix C (1) Source: http://www. bls. gov/ces/data. htm Calculation: (28000-15000)/28000=0. 46 C(2) Co. is a provider of managed Web hosting services to businesses operating mission-critical, multi-functional Web sites. In addition, Co. offers Web hosting services to the rapidly growing number of application service providers, enabling them to more efficiently deliver their application services to their customers over the Internet.Co. also offers related value-added services, such as firewall management, stress testing and consulting services, including capacity and migration planning and database optimization. Co. services include providing the computer hardware, software, network technology, and systems management necessary to offer Co. ‘s customers comprehensive outsourced Web site and application hosting solutions. http://www. new. mergentonline. com. myaccess. library. utoronto. ca/companyfinancials. php? compnumber=90285 C(3)International Business Machines operates in five business segments: global technology services, which provides information technology infrastructure services and business process services; global business services, which provides professional services and application management services; software, which consists of middleware software that enables clients to integrate systems, processes and applications, and operating systems software engines that run computers; systems and technology, which provides clients with business applications requiring computing power and storage capabilities; and global financing, which facilitates clients' acquisition of Co. ‘s systems, software and services. http://www. new. mergentonline. com. myaccess. library. utoronto. ca/companyfinancials. php? compnumber=4427 C(4) Co. provides Microsoft-based Internet hosting services to businesses, web site developers, application service providers and other organizations. Co. ‘s advanced hosting services enable its' customers to establish and maintain e-commerce and other applications through which they can conduct transactions and manage information on a worldwide basis over the Internet. Co. rovides management services for its' customers' hosting ne eds, including: consultation and recommendations on standardized system architecture; installation, configuration and stress testing of hardware and software; ongoing maintenance of hardware and software, including content back-ups and system upgrades; a broad array of system and network monitoring and reporting services; and technical support designed to respond to both simple and complex system issues. http://www. new. mergentonline. com. myaccess. library. utoronto. ca/companyfinancials. php? compnumber=98629 Appendix D(1) Source: www. destevenwhite. com D(2) According to IDC, slightly more than half of all outsourcing worldwide occurs in the United States. Demand is being driven by globalization, privatization, deregulation, and technological innovation. These factors are leading to increased global competition, which is forcing companies to focus more on cost-cutting measures.However, companies aren’t using outsourcing just to cut costs and get out of trouble. Now they a re also turning to outsourcers to prepare for the future — and to avoid trouble down the road. Source: http://www. netadvantage. standardandpoors. com. myaccess. library. utoronto. ca/NASApp/NetAdvantage/showIndustrySurvey. do? code=ccs;date=/ccs_0600/ccs_0600. htm Appendix E http://www. new. mergentonline. com. myaccess. library. utoronto. ca/companyfinancials. php? compnumber=90285 Appendix F(1) http://www. alibaba. com/trade/search? SearchText=SERVER;IndexArea=Products;fsb=y F(2) http://www. fool. com/investing/general/2011/03/12/server-market-share-the-strong-get-stronger. aspx Appendix GHowever, a major impediment to sustained growth is the shortage in skilled technology labor. Computer professionals, including programmers and system designers, are in short supply. Computer and data processing added 8,000 jobs in March 2000, a rise of only 0. 4% (or 4. 8% on an annualized basis), representing a slowdown in the rate of growth from 1999. Over the next few years, demand for talented computer services professionals is expected to outstrip supply, leaving many positions unfilled overall. Source: http://www. netadvantage. standardandpoors. com. myaccess. library. utoronto. ca/NASApp/NetAdvantage/showIndustrySurvey. do? code=ccs;date=/ccs_0600/ccs_0600. htm

Relationships in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre Essay

‘To what extent is Jane Eyre influenced by relationships in chapters 1-10 in the novel?’ Relationships are a key theme in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre. Throughout the novel we see the rise and fall of Jane, all most importantly due to relationships. This starts primarily with her lack of relationship with her parents, as she was orphaned when she was very young, she has no idea what it is like to love or to be loved and we see her strive to find out these feelings throughout the novel, until finally she achieves it, but the journey towards this is deeply important. In chapters one and two we see the basis of Jane’s view of relationships through her connection with the Reed’s. Firstly Mrs Reed does her upmost to make sure Jane is excluded from her and her ‘contented, happy, little children’ we as readers see this as a cruel act from Mrs Reed, she does not care that Jane is deeply unhappy because Jane is not one of her children, therefore she does not see it as her duty to care for her emotionally and thinks by punishing her and excluding her from the family that this will teach Jane to be a ‘contented child’ however we as readers see that this causes Jane to be deeply troubled within herself. This leads to Jane not only resenting Mrs Reed but also her children as they have been taught that Jane is a ‘dependant’ especially John who ultimately sees himself as above Jane in every aspect of life, he believes that Jane is just scavenging off them and this causes him to act in a horrific and bullying manor towards Jane. This causes Jane to act in a way she ordinarily would not, she even says herself that it causes ‘sensations for the time predominated over fear’ she feels so angry and let down that she finally stands up for herself. Therefore this influences Jane in a way that she feels like nobody will ever truly love her and she feels very much an outcast, this causes Jane to act in a way that even she herself expresses that she does not want to, she is cold and unloving and strives desperately to be appreciated but of course, this all happens in vain. We also see Jane to act very irrationally towards Mrs Reed, she deeply wants her to love her, yet w hen it comes down to it and she realises Mrs Reed never will she has an explosion of anger and tells Mrs Reed all the things that have been stewing up in her mind for so long; ‘I am glad you are no relation of mine. I will never call you aunt again as long as I live. I will never come to visit you when I am grown up; and if anyone asks me how I liked you, and how you treated me, I will say the very thought of you makes me sick. . . .† this we  see as Jane being bitter towards Mrs Reed which we learn in later chapters as a very uncharacteristic feature of Jane Eyre, she is usually forgiving. The relationship between Jane and the nursery maid; Bessie is an important one, in the first few chapters we see Bessie as being somewhat cruel and dismissive of Jane compared to the other Reed children, she does not feel a connection towards Jane as she is not as pretty or funny as the other children therefore Bessie does not see her appeal. However after the event in the red room we see a change with Bessie’s attitude towards Jane, she turns somewhat softer as we see her feel sorry for Jane and how hard Mrs Reed is on her. This is an extremely important turning point in the novel as we see Jane in the chapters leading up to this as very self involved and saddened as she has no one to love, yet as soon as Bessie softens to Jane and tells her that she can sympathise with the position she’s been put in she tells Jane ‘I don’t dislike you, Miss; I believe I am fonder of you than of all the others.’ This affects Jane greatly and we see a completely different little girl, she seems to talk which much more glee and excitement and even for her ‘life had its gleams of sunshine’. So we see how much relationships influence Jane and her attitudes in the novel, relationships affect Jane and how her personality is. In chapter five Jane meets Helen Burns, Helen is also an orphan and see’s the school as somewhat of a sanctuary even though she is constantly picked upon by the teacher. Helen is Jane’s first friend but more importantly she becomes Jane’s best friend and we see as the relationship grows that Helen deeply influences Jane, she teaches her to be less excitable and too see the best in others, a quality that Jane desperately needs after her experience with the Reed’s. She teaches Jane to be self sacrificing when she tells her ‘it is far better to endure patiently a smart which nobody feels but yourself, than to commit a hasty action whose evil consequences will extend to all connected with you’. Helen believes that you should suffer pain yourself than have others see and feel an action that you may regret when you have calmed down. Jane learns from this and this causes Jane to be a character who thinks beyond this life and onto the next with God. We see Jane finds this as a great comfort and now instead of looking onto God as something to be feared, she looks at him as somewhat of a comfort, especially after Helen dies of typhoid. Helen believes that after she dies she is going to be with her family and loved  ones and most importantly with God, therefore she does not fear death and although Jane is deeply distraught by the death of the only friend she’s ever had in the world, the fact that she will, if she lives correctly see her again is a great comfort. This shows the importance of friendship throughout the novel and how with Jane having the comfort of a friend she can be the person that she has always wanted to be, thanks to Helen Jane finds herself acting more appropriately and being able to handle her anger. Therefore this relationship has greatly affected Jane as she strives to be more like Helen. Relationships are of key importance to Bronte writing about Jane Eyre, it is how she expresses her feelings of how relationships have perhaps affected her and it shows how deeply the lack of love can affect someone. This novel is primarily about love, whether it being a lack of love or so much love that it turns into passion, Jane strives to feel this emotion and closeness with anyone who will allow her to be their friend. Therefore relationships are a key influence to Jane Eyre, they affect how she acts and how she feels and without them, as we learn in the first few chapters, life can be a very lonely existence.

Mcminn 4mat

Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling Sondra Rule Liberty University Summary The author of this book Mark McMinn explains how psychology, theology, and spirituality can all be integrated into Christian counseling. He discusses the difference between the three overlapping principles. He wrote this book especially for Christian counselors, pastors, as well as students so that they may clearly understand the meaning of the three principles, allowing them to apply it to everyday problems.The main question this book poses to answer is, How does a Christian counselor integrate their faith into a counseling session in a way that can be beneficial to their clients. He discusses the problems that counselors and clients face in a counseling session and ways to improve them. Some of the ways he mentioned to improve counseling sessions were prayer, scripture, the effects of sin confession, forgiveness, and redemption. This book main purpose is to assist the counselor in integrating the three categories. He feels that if a counselor can master this, then they will be able to give their clients the very best services.The most important thing to realize is that this process will not be easy for the counselor or the client but, if done right it can be very rewarding for them both. The author starts the book by describing some of the challenges that Christian counselors encounter while trying to integrate psychology and spirituality. He explains how spirituality is different from psychology and theology by breaking it down into a simple statement, â€Å"We can become more or less competent in the spiritual disciplines, training ourselves to experience God more fully, but we can never be spiritually competent. (McMinn 2011, p. 11). He goes on to describe psychology, theology, and spirituality, how they are similar and different. His explanations are put in a way that is easy to understand, he also gives examples of how they can be applied to real life s ituations. He talks about the importance of scripture and how it can be very beneficial in a counseling session. However he does stress that clients can only be truly changed by scripture if they can carry it on outside their sessions, and make it apart of real life. Even hough it can be helpful to some it is not something that can be used with every client, it is up to the therapist to know what is best for every client. He also talks about the power of prayer. He discusses the different types of prayers and also the different situations in which each prayer is to be used. He also lets us know that prayer may not be for every client so it may not be the right technique to use in some those therapy sessions. McMinn (2011), goes on to discuss sin and the importance of looking at in with a theological perspective.If the counselor is able to get the client to really understand their sin, they can then get to a point of forgiveness. The therapist can help the client get in the best posi tion possible to accomplish forgiveness, but it is up to the client to actually forgive themselves for their sins. The author also discusses the subject of redemption and how it can be established in different therapy models; such as object relations, cognitive, and Adlerian. This was a interesting and informative book.This book was wrote to help Christians integrate spirituality into a counseling session, and to let counselors know that they can't just act one way in the office, they have to carry their spirituality outside their sessions. It is just as important for the client to know that the counselor is behaving the same way outside the office as they do when they are around. He also discussed how some counselors would like to help clients through the use of Christ, but they don't know how. The author shows how to help clients by using examples of everyday life situations.This book is a good way to help Christians add to their knowledge about Christ because their are times when we become stagnant in our growth with Christ. He includes practices for every Christian, the client, as well as the patients and the benefits for each one. McMinn 2011, lets us know that spirituality and psychology have to be used together in order for us to have a accurate sense of self, accurate awareness of need, and healing relationships. Concrete Responses After reading this book , I mostly thought about how I first integrated my faith with my personal relationships.I have been Christian for a couple of years now, but every person I get close to or friend I have are not all Christian. Therefore, I had to learn how to not let their habits influence me with what I do and say. I have friends that smoke, get drunk, curse, and many other things that I find not to be Christian behavior. These were once things that I also had taken part in, so continuing our friendship and letting go of bad habits was a struggle for me. Integrating my new life with my old life was changeling because I was always told that your are the company that you keep.I had to make sure I didn’t get myself into situations that could hurt me in the long run. I was set on continuing the friendship I had and remaining a Christian as well. I can remember the first time my faith was tested. It was around five months after I changed my life around. I was invited to go out to the movies and out to eat with a big group of friends. Being that it was only a dinner and a movie, I assumed it would be okay. The night started off really well, we went to see a really great movie and we all were having a good time.Following the movie, we went out o eat, everyone ordered alcohol to drink including myself. I do drink occasionally but it is never something heavy and never more than one small glass. After ordering our drinks and food, I began to feel pressured by them because they were getting drunk and they wanted me to get drunk as well. I told them that I am not the same person I use to be, I will n ot let the devil control my life. After eating they wanted to take the party to the next level and start smoking. When I realized what was about to happen, I decided to remove myself from the equation before something happens I will regret.That experience taught me that I can still have my friends but we can’t hangout as much as we use too. It may be challenging but integrating my faith with my personal life can be done just as well as psychology, theology, and spirituality can be integrated into counseling. Reflection This was a very well written book. It answers the question â€Å"How can a counselor integrate psychology, theology, and spirituality into their counseling sessions. The author discusses the importance of integrating spirituality into counseling, and steps to take in order to ensure its success.The author also stressed the value of prayer in and out a counseling session and how to introduce it as a part of the session to the client. This book brings up questio ns such as, How can psychology, theology, and spirituality truly be integrated into counseling sessions with non Christian counselors and Christian clients. If spirituality is what is best for the client, how does a non Christian counselor help them without recommending a more qualified counselor. there is also the question of not confronting the sin.It would always be more helpful for a sin to be confronted so that the client knows that what they are doing is wrong and they should then be counseled in moving on from this sin and taking the necessary steps to ensure that sin is excluded from their lives. Others than that, this book was a very positive book. Learning how to help others with prayer, scriptures, psychology, theology is very rewarding. Knowing the steps to take in order to ensure as successful counseling session is also something that this book discussed, which is very helpful for therapist. ActionAfter reading this book, and learning how to better integrate psychology, theology, and spirituality into counseling; it has been easier to help those in need such as a friend, family member, or client. NO when a person is in need of guidance or assistance with a problem, their will be a set of tools set aside that ensures they are helped in the best way possible. Encouraging the client to include spirituality into their counseling session can be tough at times, especially if they are not Christian but by using the tools taught in this book, it can be achieved.Changes concerning counseling and helping those in need of guidance has become a lot better. Before this book, integrating Christianity into counseling was a challenge. However through gaining a better understanding of psychology, theology, and spirituality, it was made clearer how to integrate the three into a counseling session that could be beneficial to every client if used correctly. This book shows how important it is to have a spiritual aspect in a counseling session.How it can be so helpful in helping a client if this is what they want. And how it can totally change a person’s life. Having a good relationship with God is all we need in order to make it day to day. Whatever problems we have can be brought to Jesus because he is the healer o all problems. Having a good counselor who can introduce or help grow you knowledge concerning Jesus is a good step in the right direction. Reference McMinn, M. R. (2011). Psychology, theology, and spirituality in Christian counseling. Tyndale house Publishers.

Making Career Plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Making Career Plans - Essay Example As such, early career planning promotes personal and professional growth and paves the way to higher goals of attaining happiness and satisfaction. While my immediate goal after college is to enroll into Harvard College of management and get the degree, my major goals for the next 5-10 years broadly cater to getting experience in the service industry, especially in banking and investment and start my own consultancy firm. In my pursuit of excellence, I would use reflective practices to improve and improvise performance outcome. This would also help me to grow personally and professionally and help acquire new skills to suit the changing external environment. Moreover, I believe that I am the highly motivated person who would like to contribute to the national economy by creating new avenues of jobs and helping others in realizing their dreams. As an entrepreneur, I would not only be providing employment to many people but also contributing to the network of information that would create limitless opportunities for others who can exploit the knowledge for their personal and professional growth. In the highly competitive environment of current times, career plans provide a focused approach in selecting the best academic institute and acquire necessary skills for bright future. They also help provide new perspectives on issues and subjects and facilitate empowered decisions to meet the challenges of time. Moreover, specialized professional degree lends credence to the abilities and professional skills of individuals and provides huge opportunities for personal and professional growth. Thus, planning for my future in the field of early childhood education is vital ingredient my success in future. My immediate goal after college is to enroll for major in Early Childhood Education from Fort Myers Florida and get the degree.  

Current health issues in relation to the Australian Health Care System Essay

Current health issues in relation to the Australian Health Care System - Essay Example Health Issue Statistics e.g. Incidence According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 6% of Australian adults experience depression on a regular basis. Among employed Australians, 3.6% Australians experience depression on a regular basis. The financial cost of depression, which is estimated to be more than 50 billion dollars annually in Australia, includes the direct treatment costs as well as indirect costs such as lost productivity. Depression also exacts financial as well as emotional costs within the family of the affected individuals. While Australian adults of different age groups have reported suffering from depression at one time or another, it would appear to be most prevalent among women in their 20s, men in their late 30s, and in elderly Australians of both genders (Haywood, Garrat, and Fitzpatrick, 2005). Many Australians do not feel that their negative feelings may actually be characteristic of depression. This makes them quite reluctant to seek for medical trea tment until they are almost driven to attempt suicide by the negative feelings. Population type affected e.g. gender, age, group etc According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2009), one in six Australian adults will experience serious depression on an annual basis. The high risk groups include teenagers, young adults, and the elderly people. While women are more likely to report feeling depressed and seek a relief for the negative feelings, Australian men are more likely to seek for more permanent ways, such as suicide, of dealing with depressing feelings. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2009), depression among Australian men is linked to other illnesses such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Australian men are more likely to leave episodes of depression unreported than Australian women. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2009), Australian men who are 65 years of age and above have the highest suicide rate in the nation, accounting for 29 suicides per 100,000 cases. A new Women's Health Australia research study has also provided evidence that Australian women between the ages of 28 and 33 tend to experience depression even more than their mothers, or even grandmothers, did. According to this study, one in five of these women goes regularly to doctors so as to get prescriptions for anti-depressants (Haywood, Garrat, and Fitzpatrick, 2005). Identify a range of factors which may affect the health of this client group including risk factors. Give consideration to any specific health and social circumstances of this client group. It is difficult to determine the exact factors that cause people to be depressed because there are so many factors that can trigger an episode of depression. In an Australian society, there are multiple factors that affect indigenous groups such as the Aboriginal community and result in an almost community-wide state of depression which afflicts the young as well as the old (Hunter, 2007). The Aborigines have to deal with racism, poverty, and feelings of detachment that are caused by the fact that their traditional values are for the most part irrelevant in the modern world (Hunter, 2007). This has spurred generational drug and alcohol abuse among the Aborigines which further exacerbates the incidence of depression among the community’s citizens. Among other Australians, there are factors such life traumas

American Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Dance - Essay Example American theatrical dance has expanded through a progression of generations numerous build on the work, thus creating a pedigree marked by innovation. This form of dance cannot be neatly defined. It is a form of style of American modern dance evolving through quest of discoveries and shares the communicative potential of human association. In true sense American theatrical dance comprises of Broadway, modern and ballet forms of dancing style. These forms of dance depict the economic and cultural changes happening in the society. From time to time they have enacted on issues of social significance and always conveyed some messages to the audience through their theatrical dance performances. These dancing form pioneered dance in bare foot and elegant costumes. They portray a form of social affirmation and were means of expressing nation’s and society’s power (Brown). The society values theatrical dance as a communicative and bonding experience forming a well-developed str ucture of communication. This essay will focus on the two forms of American modern dance that is Broadway and Ballet, and how are they different to each other. Broadway Theatrical Dance: Broadway dance forms a part of the modern American theatrical dance. It can be classified as an incorporation of jazz and modern style accompanied with theater and music. At the beginning of the Broadway dance people were tricked and amazed by the concepts of Broadway Theater as this pioneered a dancing form with play’s plot. Initially Broadway was not taken as a serious theatrical dance. People were uncertain about the entire structure of the dance form. But later it evolved as a dance form which had a social message for the society. Soon after, Broadway started gaining popularity amongst the audience as fusion of jazz and modern art dance. This form of theatrical dance was incorporated with exceptional movement and unconventional use of body parts. The entire act was supported by the usage of props, integration of personalities, storytelling of a incident. The entire performance was choreographed and presented through lucid expressions. The entire performances take place with music playing backstage. The music is played as per the theme of the subject matter of the performance. With changing time span Broadway musical took off. It popularity enhanced day by day and gained recognition as an artistic form of theater. Broadway dance form exerted profound influence in the New York life tradition and culture. Their themes were realistic with a touch of whimsical feel. As per the critics it attracted the serious theater goers who were deeply moved by the socio-economical concerns of the society. During its early stage the middle class New Yorkers used to be its target audience. Their theme appealed to them to a great extends. Broadway theatrical evolved as an assembly of multidimensional talents. It consisted of a group of singers, dancers, actors, musicians who emerged as celebrities. Famous Broadway personalities included Anna held, Lillian Russell, Marilyn Miller, DeWolf Hoppe, Ray Bolger etc. These eminent personalities had been a part of this theatrical dance from time to time. Robert Alton had been a choreographer of this dance form who brought out the first modern dances closely related to many dance performances in New York stage today. Nowadays dance performances have become dominated in the Broadway theatrica

Gender Equality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender Equality - Research Paper Example The progression of women’s rights has been to open up their lives so that instead of being legally dependant, they could live a public life, own both land and their own person, and to have equal opportunities within the work place and the corporate world in order to be able to provide sufficiently for that autonomy. With the passing of this initiative, the opportunities for women will be addressed and assessed, furthering the goals of women’s rights to equality in society. Until very recently society has had a very distinct view on the roles of men and women, creating separate spheres in which their worlds evolved. Labor was divided by what was deemed appropriate for men and what was appropriate for women. The behaviors within society that were defined by these roles were thought of as normal, while deviating from these roles was considered abnormal behavior (Smith and Kornblum, 2008, p. 336). Roles for men and women were divided according to the sociological need that was present. However, as the nineteenth century came to a close, and the twentieth century was born, great and unique historical changes were occurring that would begin the transition towards equality for women. At the turn of the 19th century to the 20th century, women’s suffrage was a hot topic, creating a movement that revolutionized the political landscape of the United States. However, it was not within the search for the right to vote that women first applied their influences and power in order to create social change in the United States. During the abolitionist movements of the mid 19th century, it was the actions of a great many women that supported the freedom of slaves (Adams, 2003, p.12). By the end of the century, the power of women to move sociological considerations was well established and the new cause took form of political voice. For most of history, the roles that were applied to the genders were suspected to be defined biologically. Therefore, the way

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Term Paper Example Eritrea relied on trade with Ethiopia whilst Ethiopia relied on Eritrean ports for shipment of its goods. Their nationals also enjoyed free movement between the countries and freedom of investment. The main question that lingers in our minds is how and why two nations who depend on each other for survival and economic prosperity would engage in a full-scale war due to a minor border dispute. This question is well answered by Abbink who argues that the border dispute was just a means to achieve wider ends and regional dominance by the Eritrean leader Isaias Afewerki and pressure from Meles Zenawi’s party, Tigrayans and the wider public.1 Other factors include personal arrogance of the two leaders, authoritarian disposition, political indecisiveness, and lack of clear-cut statesman-like agreements on mutual politico-economic relations of the two new states.2 Whatever the case, this behavior is in line with the realism theory of international relations that posits that states onl y act to increase their power relative others. This doctrine has been prevalent in previous major wars such as the two World Wars and Cold War. I will argue that this war could have been have avoided if only the two leaders engaged in diplomacy. The essay will be divided into six sections. The first section will discuss the roots and history of the conflict. Secondly, the attempts made by international community to avert the crises will be discussed. Thirdly, the current situation. Fourthly, lessons learned and prospects for constructive change and finally, a brief conclusion. Eritrea-Ethiopia War can be traced back to the era of colonization when the imperialists and colonial rulers engaged in â€Å"divide and conquer† policy.3The imperialists thus drew borders between countries wherever they colonized and this is how Italy ended up drawing maps in this northern region of Africa and especially Eritrea and Ethiopia.

Correction Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Correction Debate - Essay Example However, segregating them causes other inmates to ostracize them. When segregated, they will have a very small group of inmates to interact with and this changes their socializing; this may be more devastating to some inmates than the disease. Other people may feel that because they are inmates they have no right but in reality, they do. One of the rights they have is to be treated fairly. A special ward for HIV inmates would make them susceptible to mistreatment from guards. In most cases, isolation is reserved for those people who are a threat to themselves or others. It could be argued that they are a threat to the rest of prison society because they are HIV positive but this would have to be done in a way that showed they were treated as fairly as other inmates. Conjugal visits are one way to give inmates an opportunity to stay in touch with their spouses or significant others but I disagree that it would aid in effective rehabilitation. Many researchers think that providing conjugal visits is like giving inmates a hotel room and it dos not give them a sense of being in jail. I think that it is a good thing for them to do because sexual frustration can build and can cause inmates to take out this tension on other inmates. The readings suggest that conjugal visits provide a way to stay in touch with their families. I suggest that there are many variables I prison that are stronger than conjugal visits and that some families are not very strong. This means that some inmates would get conjugal visits while others would be denied either because family members are not visiting them or because of their behavior. Conjugal visits are sometimes once a month and some inmates have better behavior if they have been able to have sex with their partners but this is not always the case. If families were already close this could help them stay close, but if they were not close a

EU law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EU law - Essay Example This brief analysis will work to give counsel to the two women, Ame and Bridget, which are presented in the given case assignment as well as provide them with the legal knowledge and constraints that pertain to their individual cases under domestic and European Commission jurisdictions. Likewise, the analysis will attempt to call out specific portions of the European Commission Directive that aptly apply to their given discrimination complaints. Far from being equal, both cases present us with unique constraints and drawbacks which will be elaborated upon and inference/parallels will be drawn to similar cases that have proceeded these and defined a type of precedent for such actions in the not so distant past. Case 1: Ame’s Claim of Age-Discrimination at the State Health Service of Waltaria With respect to discrimination based upon age, 2000/78/EC article 11 is very specific: â€Å"Discrimination based on religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation may undermine the achievement of the objectives of the EC Treaty, in particular the attainment of a high level of employment and social protection, raising the standard of living and the quality of life, economic and social cohesion and solidarity, and the free movement of persons† (emphasis provided) (EC 2000/78). As such, the law specifically speaks to the fact that Ame could not justifiably or legally been terminated based upon her age alone. However, there are two complicating factors to this interpretation which will be discussed at greater length; however, it is worth repeating that based upon the information Ame has provided , there is grounds for a court case with respect to this particular termination. Firstly, one must be aware of what lengths the defendant will be likely to go to in order to defend the legality and rightfulness of their action. This is not to discourage Ame from seeking legal action on this matter; instead, it is to make her aware that the defendant will likely attempt to invoke article 25 of 2000/78/EC which states: â€Å"The prohibition of age discrimination is an essential part of meeting the aims set out in the Employment Guidelines and encouraging diversity in the workforce. However, differences in treatment in connection with age may be justified under certain circumstances and therefore require specific provisions which may vary in accordance with the situation in Member States. It is therefore essential to distinguish between differences in treatment which are justified, in particular by legitimate employment policy, labour market and vocational training objectives, and discrimination which must be prohibited† (EC 2000/78). To what degree the defense will attempt to invoke this and to what level they have supporting documentation that shows this was their actual goal is of course unknown; however, Ame should be aware that this is a likely tactic. Secondly, due to the lack of material evidence (Ame only has overheard a discus sion by certain elements in management. Her particular case is without strong and relevant proof (i.e. a number of other employees terminated at the same time and of the same demographic group) she will have difficulty providing a solid case within the court system. Although it is clear from her letter that

Work based experience Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Work based experience - Coursework Example that the former students should be patient and wait for the jobs they were trained but this is not an option because of the student loans among other obligations that the graduates have to fulfill. A Work based program is the best option that a student or a graduate can undertake because it will help transition the student from the school environment to the job market. This program is meant to provide a first-hand experience of the nature of work that the student has been trained for while also benefiting the employer in terms of the new ideas that the student brings to the organization. This paper seeks to research and evaluate the suitable organizations that a student can undertake his or her work based program to help in the transition to the job market. Caution must be exercised when looking for an organization to undertake a work based experience program. Studies have shown that money should not be a factor when choosing an organization to undertake a work based experience program. This is because, positions that seem high paying seem to pale faster compared to positions that pay moderately. As one is seeking for on an opportunity to learn, one should only consider organizations that intend to expand in near future as this will increase their chance in getting employed on a permanent basis after graduating. While its normal for students to find themselves in a position they are to undertake some menial tasking like filling forms or compiling expense reports, students should avoid organization where most of the tasks given involve are menial and instead, they should seek experience elsewhere. Students should also avoid taking any positions just because of the enticing titles. They should take initiative to learn the roles involved in the position (Burnsed 2011); hence, they will understand what is expected of them should they choose to accept the position. Doing so will also help them assess the relevance of the position in relation with skills and the

Thai Tourism and Economic Development Essay Example for Free

Thai Tourism and Economic Development Essay The tourism industry is currently the worldà »s largest and most diverse business sector since it serves as a primary source for generating revenue, employment, private sector growth, and infrastructure development for many countries. Researchers have argued that tourism development not only stimulates the growth of the industry, but also triggers overall economic growth (Lee and Chang, 2008). Hence, enhancing economic growth by promoting the tourism industry has become an important economic development strategy in most developing countries (Chen and Chiou-Wei, 2009). This belief is consistent with one of the three relevant hypotheses regarding the relationship between tourism development and economic expansion—namely, the tourism-led economic growth hypothesis, the economic-driven tourism growth hypothesis, and the reciprocal causal hypothesis. Economists emphasize the economic effects of tourism on the economy. The speedy growth of tourism causes an increase in household incomes and government revenues through multiplier effects, improvements in the balance of payments, and growth in the number of tourism-promoted government policies. As such, the development of tourism has usually been considered a positive contribution to economic growth (Lim, 1997; Oh, 2005). To date, there has been a vast amount of research conducted on the economic impact of tourism activity but the literature provides mixed results, with different studies arriving at different conclusions. Some of these studies, such as Ghali (1976), Balaguer and Cantavella-Jorda (2002), Dritsakis (2004a), Oh (2005), Kim et al. (2006), Lee and Chien (2008), reported results regarding the relationship between tourism and economic growth, but an explicit result is not obvious. A careful empirical analysis, such as the one shown in this study, is desirable for any country that may want to focus on the tourism industry as part of its national economic development policy. Thailand embraces a rich diversity of cultures and traditions. With its proud history, tropical climate and renowned hospitality, Thailand offers great potential for the development of tourism (Tourism Authority of Thailand, 2008a). Henkel et al. (2006) provide an extensive discussion of the various studies that have been conducted to determine the perceptions of international visitors about the image of Thailand. The results found that Thai residents and international visitors confirmed that cultural sightseeing, friendly people and food were significantly important when thinking of Thailand as a tourist destination, while international visitors felt that nightlife and entertainment were significantly more important than that of Thai residents. As McKinnon (1964) argued, international tourism brings foreign exchange that can be used to import intermediate and capital goods to produce goods and services, which in turn leads to economic growth. Foreign tourism is Thailandà »s largest export industry. Sales of tourism goods and services to international visitors averaged US$10.2 billion in 1998†º2005 on more than 10 million annual visitor arrivals. During 1998†º2005, on average, Thai tourism directly and indirectly accounted for 13 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 10 percent of employment which is approximately 3 million jobs and 12 percent of investment. Using the industryà »s GDP share as a measurement, Thailand INTRODUCTION The tourism industry is currently the worldà »s largest and most diverse business sector since it serves as a primary source for generating revenue, employment, private sector growth, and infrastructure development for many countries. Researchers have argued that tourism development not only stimulates the growth of the industry, but also triggers overall economic growth (Lee and Chang, 2008). Hence, enhancing economic growth by promoting the tourism industry has become an important economic development strategy in most developing countries (Chen and Chiou-Wei, 2009). This belief is consistent with one of the three relevant hypotheses regarding the relationship between tourism development and economic expansion—namely, the tourism-led economic growth hypothesis, the economic-driven tourism growth hypothesis, and the reciprocal causal hypothesis. Economists emphasize the economic effects of tourism on the economy. The speedy growth of tourism causes an increase in household incomes and government revenues through multiplier effects, improvements in the balance of payments, and growth in the number of tourism-promoted government policies. As such, the development of tourism has usually been considered a positive contribution to economic growth (Lim, 1997; Oh, 2005). To date, there has been a vast amount of research conducted on the economic impact of tourism activity but the literature provides mixed results, with different studies arriving at different conclusions. Some of these studies, such as Ghali (1976), Balaguer and Cantavella-Jorda (2002), Dritsakis (2004a), Oh (2005), Kim et al. (2006), Lee and Chien (2008), reported results regarding the relationship between tourism and economic growth, but an explicit result is not obvious. A careful empirical analysis, such as the one shown in this study, is desirable for any country that may want to focus on the tourism industry as part of its national economic development policy. Thailand embraces a rich diversity of cultures and traditions. With its proud history, tropical climate and renowned hospitality, Thailand offers great potential for the development of tourism (Tourism Authority of Thailand, 2008a). Henkel et al. (2006) provide an extensive discussion of the various studies that have been conducted to determine the perceptions of international visitors about the image of Thailand. The results found that Thai residents and international visitors confirmed that cultural sightseeing, friendly people and food were significantly important when thinking of Thailand as a tourist destination, while international visitors felt that nightlife and entertainment were significantly more important than that of Thai residents. As McKinnon (1964) argued, international tourism brings foreign exchange that can be used to import intermediate and capital goods to produce goods and services, which in turn leads to economic growth. Foreign tourism is Thailandà »s largest export industry. Sales of tourism goods and services to international visitors averaged US$10.2 billion in 1998†º2005 on more than 10 million annual visitor arrivals. During 1998†º2005, on average, Thai tourism directly and indirectly accounted for 13 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 10 percent of employment which is approximately 3 million jobs and 12 percent of investment. Using the industryà »s GDP share as a measurement, Thailand was ranked 60 out of 174 countries in the World Tourism and Travel Councilà »s Tourism Satellite Accounts in 2005 (Wattanakuljarus and Coxhead, 2008). Thailand has always been a great travel destination for business travelers and tourists from neighboring countries. Over the period 1998†º2007, the total number of tourist arrivals to Thailand increased from 7.76 to 14.46 million. International tourism revenue in Thailand increased from 242,177 million baht in 1998 to 547,782 million in 2007 (Tourism Authority of Thailand, 2008b). Further analysis shows that international visitors came from countries within the neighboring Asian region, which provided nearly 53.91 percent of all visitors in 2007. The top five countries of residence for Thailandà »s inbound tourists in 2007 were Korea (9.44%), Japan (9.09%), Malaysia (7.32%), the United Kingdom (5.55%) and China (5.47%). As mentioned, the Thai economy depends heavily on the performance of its tourism industries. Specifically, the millions of jobs and a substantial fraction of export earnings and a wide range of other industries are directly or indirectly interdependent with tourism management. Therefore, this paper focuses on reviewing the potential relationship between Thai tourism development and economic growth. There have been a number of empirical studies that have focused on investigating the relationship between tourism development and economic growth both in one country and in a cross- sectional context. The main purpose of this introduction is to review the general literature on tourism development and economic growth. The remaining four sections of the paper present first, the role of tourism development and economic growth in the Thai economy, followed by two sections covering a literature review of tourism development and economic growth in both first the international and then the Thai context. The last section provides conclusions. TOURISM SITUATION IN THAILAND According to the Tourism Authority of Thailand (2008b), the World Tourism Organization estimated that the average growth of international tourists in 2005 would be 5.5 percent (lower than in 2004, when the growth of world tourism experienced a 10 percent expansion), with 808 million international tourists. However, the tourism industry saw a slowdown, as a result of the world economic downturn. The region which was expected to grow at a higher rate was the Asia Pacific (+10%) owing to the fact that tourists paid more attention to finding new attractions in this region, especially in Cambodia, Vietnam, India, and China, where there was high growth in the number of visitors. Other regions with lower expected growth rates were Africa (+7%), the Americas (+6%), Europe (+4%), and the Middle East (+3%). During 1998†º2007, the number of tourist arrivals to Thailand almost doubled both in the international and domestic context (See Tables 1 and 2). Consistent with the increase in arrivals, the international tourism revenue of Thailand almost doubled. In Thailand, the tsunami disaster and disturbance in the three southern provinces, as well as the increased market competition from new destinations (Vietnam, China, and India) and tourism product creation (Japan, Hong Kong, and Korea) were key factors in Thailandà »s steady tourism growth in 2005, with 11.52 million inbound visitors. However, this slowdown was not as severe as it could have been, due to the attempts of the public and private sectors to stimulate markets and restore the attractions affected by the disaster as fast as possible. These actions resulted in the slight impact as shown in the above-mentioned statistics of the Thai tourism industry (Tourism Authority of Thailand, 2008b). ROLES OF TOURISM IN THE THAI ECONOMY Tourism is one of the worldà »s largest industries and one of its fastest growing economic sectors. In many countries, tourism is a main strategy for regional development, as it stimulates new economic activities. Tourism may have a positive economic impact on the balance of payments, on employment, and on gross income and production, but it may also have negative effects, particularly on the environment. However, unplanned and uncontrolled tourism growth can result in such deterioration of the environment that tourist growth can be compromised (Creaco and Querini, 2003). Thai governments have placed great store on earnings from tourism; spending in support of the industry accounts for about 3 percent of total government budget outlays. These expenditures have supported a range of promotional programs; in the past decade; for example, there has been à §Visit Thailand Yearà ©, à §Thailand: the Gateway to Indochinaà ©, à §Amazing Thailandà © and à §Unseen Thailandà ©. According to Wattanakuljarus and Coxhead (2008), tourism is an increasingly popular component of the development strategy in low-income countries based on three reasons. First, that tourism can serve as a substantial source of foreign exchange earnings, so contributing to economic growth. Second, that tourism services are labor-intensive, so expansion of this industry will create jobs and improve income distribution. Third, that tourism is a à §cleanà © industry, that is, its growth is good for the environment. Consistently, Diamond (1977) examined the tourismà »s role in economic development and confirmed that in search of remedies for persistent balance-of- payments deficits, governments in developing countries and international aid agencies have been attracted to international tourism. The study argued that not only can tourism relieve the shortage of foreign exchange constraining industrial expansion and alleviate the growing problem of urban unemployment, but in the long run tourism will provide a price- and income- elastic substitute for staple exports facing less favorable demand conditions. Tourism expansion in Thailand certainly creates jobs for unskilled workers, and this has a direct poverty alleviation impact. However, much of the gain from tourism growth accrues to factors other than unskilled labor, so income distribution may actually worsen. In addition, low-skilled jobs in other sectors may be destroyed, and returns to agricultural land, from which the poor derive a considerable share of their income, may fall as tourism expands (Wattanakuljarus and Coxhead, 2008). Government efforts to promote tourism growth may thus be inconsistent with the goal of reduced income inequality.

the importance of water in plant growth

the importance of water in plant growth Water is a vital component to the survival of every plant in the world as it is aids in the way that they obtain their food (through the process of photosynthesis), grow (cell division, mitosis), respire (cellular respiration) and how they keep their formation (rigidity). Water helps plants maintain their formation by transporting dissolved nutrients, amino acids and sugars from the soil to areas where it is of high demand. It flows through cell membranes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (osmosis) (A Sanders, 2010). Water allows plants to survive by being one of the vital reactants in the chemical reaction of photosynthesis. Every molecule of water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom which are tightly held together by covalent bonds. This molecule contains 10 protons, 10 electrons and 8 neutrons (refer to fig 6) (Answers Cooperation, 2010). Water has a boiling point of 100Â °C and a freezing point of 0Â °C. In our world water is found in three different states; ice, liquid and as steam or water vapour. Due to cohesive forces, the molecules of water are strongly attracted to each other and therefore the surface tension (the charge of the water molecules attract eachother to form a skin across the surface of the water) that is created is vital to the survival of many animals (e.g. pond skater). Water molecules have dipoles due to the electrons being shared from both hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atom (refer to fig 6). This means that the electrons spend more time near the oxygen atom then near the hydrogen atoms resulting in a slight negative charge on the side of the molecule which contains t he oxygen atom and a slight positive charge on the side of the molecule which contains both hydrogen atoms (A Capri, 2010) (Chemistry, MJones, GJones, DAcaster). Fig 6: Basic Water Molecule. Fig 7: Root Structure of a Plant. The main area of plants which absorb water from their surrounding environment is the root hair zone. Inside the zone, are the roots hairs of the plants which are found growing parallel to the roots. The root hairs (refer to fig 7) of the plants have fragile like characteristics so they are replaced every day at an average rate of 100 million. The root hairs are slender and are present in hefty sizes so they are able to cover enormous amount of surface area therefore absorbing maximum water (containing nutrients, amino acids and sugars from the soil. From the roots hairs, the water (and what contained in the water) travel through the tissues found within the roots, stems and leaves of plants called xylem and phloem. (B Dery, 2009) (TutorVista.com, 2010) (R Bailey, 2010). Fig8: Xylem and Phloem Structures. The transport system of vascular plants is made up of the xylem tissue and the phloem tissue, two different tissues which run through the roots, stem and leaves of plants (refer to fig 8) (Andrew Rader Studios, 2010) (SlideShare Inc, 2008). These two tissues are shaped like tubes and due to this characteristic, are easily able to transport water from the soil to the areas of the plants where it is needed most. There are three main differences between the two tissues with the first one being that the tubes of xylem transport water and dissolved nutrients throughout the plant whilst the tubes of the phloem transports amino acids and sugars (N Neezal, 2010). Secondly the cells within the xylem tubes are dead whilst the cells within the phloem tubes are living and thirdly the xylem tissue only allows a one-way flow whilst the phloem tissue allows a two-way flow (refer to fig 10). Fig 10: Characteristics of Xylem and Phloem Vessels. The xylem tubes are long and thick and are made of vessels and tracheids (Harun Yahya International, 2004). The tubes are attached from end to end allowing the water to reach maximum speed throughout its journey of the plant (Andrew Rader Studios, 2010). The phloem tubes are made up of sieve and companion cells which run parallel to each other. They are long and thin also joined from end to end. Located on the end walls of the tubes are large pores which allow amino acids and sugars to enter and flow out of the tubes throughout the plant to areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (Tiscali UK Limited, No Date). Fig 9: The Transpiration Process of Plants. From the xylem and phloem tissues, water, dissolved nutrients, amino acids and sugars are transported up through the plant due to a process called transpiration. Transpiration (refer to fig 9) is the evaporation of water generally from the leaves of plants (Refer to reference 12, 13). The process of transpiration allows all the dissolved nutrients contained in the water molecules to move from the roots to the leaves, allowing them to be rehydrated due to the water loss experienced from transpiration. The process of transpiration is a continuous cycle allowing the leaves of plants to transpire yet still allowing them to rehydrate from the nutrients, amino acids and sugar contained in the water molecules. Fig 12: Evenly Transferred Molecular Motion of Kettles/Stoves. Water is water; fresh, boiled, heated, cooled, frozen, its all the same or so it is thought. The way in which water is heated and/or boiled by common household appliances for example a kettle or a microwave, may change the function and the way of which water molecules are designed to work. By boiling water in a kettle (or on a stove), water is heated evenly (refer to fig 12) due to the continuous cycle that occurs in this particular way of heating. The warmer water molecules rise and the cooler water molecules descend until they are warm therefore resulting in evenly heated water. The process of how water heats up in a microwave is completely different to how it heats up in a kettle. In a microwave, random parts of the water are chosen from the various angles within the microwave, therefore heating up minimal surface area compared to a kettle which heats up the complete area (refer to fig 11). This is the reason why sometimes when heating food up in a microwave some areas are hot whilst others are cold (Wimpy, 2010). Fig 11: Random Microwave Waves. The aim of this extended experimental investigation is to investigate what effect, if there is an effect, water that has been heated up in a microwave has on Petunia x hybrida and Tagetes patula plants. What effect will water heated up in a microwave have on the growth and development of Petunia x hybrida and Tagetes patula plants? It was hypothesized that water that is heated up in a microwave will somehow (due to the components of the microwave) be unable to pick up essential nutrients such as amino acids and sugar from the soil. By the hypothesis stated, it is evident to see that the reason for investigating and performing this experiment is to discover whether or not plants are still able to grow and develop to their full potential using water that has been heated up in a microwave.

Purpose of Advertising

Purpose of Advertising 1. Introduction Advertising no doubt is a broad topic (lyer, Soberman, and Villas-Boas, 2005) it is one of the most important decisions that marketers make. Burd (1959) Advertising is one of the most proficient and the most economical aid in the distribution and marketing of merchandise or service. Advertising is either in written or oral form, which intends to sell something and want to earn revenue. Jayasinghi Ritson (2008) Advertising includes all major communication mediums which include: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, the Internet, movies, and billboards through which that message is transmitted. Television is the most common medium as it covers large but at the same time it is very costly. Advertising is generally aimed at consumer reminiscence who is being engaged with certain type of ads where the purpose of marketers is to create awareness and Brand/ Product recall and recognition later in consumer minds. Sometimes when you look at advertisement you will easily recall it may be it is in your subconscious mind or because of the celebrity or the background music that appeals you and sometimes you won’t be able to recall what you have seen just few minutes ago (Obermiller, Spangenberg, 2005; MacLauchlan, 2005.). An advertising objective may be to change the mind-set of the customers. Advertising has a great role when a business that has a bad reputation and has lost his/her customers can use advertising to get them back (Burd,1959). Pechpeyrou Odou (2012) hence, Advertising plays a central role in not only providing information about the product or service but also creating awareness and recognition of the product/service in consumer mind. Types Purpose of Advertising McDaniel, 1986. Advertising has many forms; few of them are given below. However for the purpose of thesis the focus will be on consumer advertising. Consumer Advertising It is a type of advertising that targeted at end consumers. All the offering and services are for the end consumers. Consumer advertising includes common commodities and what we usually find around us is all what comes under consumer advertising. The major aim of consumer advertising is to create awareness of brands and products that are of consumer use. In such sort of advertising emotional and rational appeal plays a vital role. Trade Advertising Trade advertising is also known as business/ professional advertising. This type of advertisement is not for consumers but for all those who influence the consumer like distributors, resellers or businesses. Medium for such sort of advertising is professional magazines and direct mail which do not involve end consumers. Product Advertising This sort of advertising communicates the promotion of the product. They push the consumers to purchase the product. Its major aim is to create brand awareness. Once awareness is created people tend to buy their product. Non-Product Advertising Non-product related advertisings includes surrogate advertising in it. Non product advertising depicts an idea or a cause. Short term and long Term Advertising There are two types of advertising one is short term and other is long term. The short term advertising has a direct impact on the product sales. Its aim is to increase sales, maximize revenues and create awareness. On the other hand the long term advertising focuses to maintain long term relations and customer loyalty. Consumer Skepticism: Definition of skepticism revolves around the questioning of the attitude towards the knowledge and opinion. Skepticism towards advertising is the distrust of advertising claims or promises and signifies a general market place that varies across persons. Hardesty, Carlson, 2002; Bearden 2002. The effect that consumer skepticism has on advertising can be figure out through consumer response. Brands need to overcome massive stages of skepticism for consumers. In our society there prevails lot of mistrust and loyalty. Consumers can learn a lot from advertising and marketing. Skeptic consumers are quite unsatisfied hence research recommends that delivering enough information to consumers will lead to building trust and satisfaction, once that trust is created it will results in increase sales and profitability. Obermiller, Spangenberg 2005; MacLachlan 2005. Milk Industry Pakistan is the fifth largest milk producer. Pakistan dairy industry is one of the most vital sectors that is contributing almost 11 percent into the GDP. Dairy industry is swayed by number of factors that are size, growth and profitability. (Dawn newspaper; 2014). According to live stock census 2007, almost 80 percent of the milk is taken from the rural areas. Only 3-5 percent of the milk is marketed and distributed formally. 97 percent of the milk produced in Pakistan is distributed in loose form (Jalil, Sial and Hussain, 2009) .The role of livestock in the rural economy is very critical as farmers and villagers consume loose milk. They don’t prefer milk that is packaged. Whereas in urban areas people consume loose milk as well as packaged milk. Packaged milk has made the life of urban people easier as they are busy in their work so this packaged milk reduces the time of hassle to boil and utilize it. Buffaloes are considered to be the main animal in Pakistan that accounts f or 75 percent of milk. Milk sources are cows, buffaloes and goats and the types of milk available is standardized, homogenized and skimmed. Milk is used for many purposes that is drinking, tea, desi ghee, yogurt, butter and in the making of many sweet dishes. As the inflation is increasing rapidly hence the milk prices are also raising quickly. In a very short span milk prices has shown a rapid increase of 25 percent. As the people are becoming aware of processed and packaged milk they are buying them and are not consuming loose milk that is delivered by gawallas. Milk and its foodstuffs provide almost one third of world’s intake of animal protein. Milk and its foodstuffs represent almost 27 percent of total family expenditures on foodstuff in Pakistan. Milk Per capita availability is 82.4 kg per annum in Pakistan. During 1999-2000 roughly 80 thousand tons of dry milk that is PKR 1213.5 million was imported to Pakistan in order to meet local demands of milk. (FAO, 1998). Pakistan dairy industry is in trouble now a days because of lack of commercial dairy farms, lack of dairy knowledge and due to lack of financial resources. In rural areas very few shopkeepers have facility of refrigeration. The containers that are used for transportation are very unhygienic. Almost 90 percent and above population consumes loose milk and hence the demand of loose milk is higher than the packaged milk. Also because of inflation and poverty level people are quite conscious about prices. (Jalil, Sial and Hussain, 2009) Packaged milk is in demand widely. [1]Mostly packaged milk is used in homes and powder dry milk is used in offices for the purpose of making tea. Global Milk production ranking of 5 top countries is given in table 1[2] Countries Milk Production India 92 Billion litre / annual USA 78 Billion litre / annual Russia 34 Billion litre / annual Pakistan 33 Billion litre / annual Germany 29 Billion litre / annual Table 1 Global milk production ranking of top 5 countries Name of all the species that are the source of milk are listed below. Moreover Population, milk production and milk consumption of 2011-2013 based on National Livestock Census are given in Table 1.1 Species Population(Million) Milk Production (Million tons) HumanMilk Consumption Cattle 36.9 16.74 13.39 Buffallo 32.7 29.56 23.65 Sheep 28.4 0.03 0.03 Goat 63.1 0.77 0.77 Camel 1.0 0.82 0.82 Total 162.1 47.95 38.69 Nestle: Nestle is one of the largest food and nutrition company in the world. Nestle is derived from the Swiss German word which means little nest. It is the fifth largest company in the world. Currently it is present in more than 88 countries and has more than 522 factories. More than 700 products are produced under the umbrella brand of Nestle. Nestle was established in 1867 by Henri Nestle. Different brands of Nestle are Baby foods, Bottled water, Cereals, Chocolates and confectionaries, Coffee, Ambient dairy, Chilled Dairy, Drinks, Health care nutrition, Culinary and food, Ice cream, Pet care, Sports nutrition and Wealth management. Nestle is a world renowned company. The company is taking milk from number of farmers and then process it further. Nestle Everyday is made from pure fresh milk sugar and Lecithin. In 2011 the company has sourced more than 7.2 million tons of fresh milk from different milk districts in 31 countries widely. The company basically deals in food products as the logo states that â€Å"Good food, Good life â€Å". List of different milks that are under the umbrella brand of Nestle are given in Table 1.2 Milk Sku’s Nestle Milk Pak UHT 1000, 500, 250 ml Nestle Everyday 1000,400,200ml Nestle Nido 1000,400,200ml Nestle Nesvita 1000, 200ml Nestle Flavored Milk 250ml Table 1.2 Nestle milk and Sku’s I have chosen the product Nestle Everyday tea whitener for the purpose of research thesis. It is the forerunner of tea creaming in Pakistan. Its different taste and pleasant aroma is the reason of its success. Everyday makes a perfect cup of tea for you. It is one of the best brands that provides taste and quality at affordable prices. It has number of Sku’s that customer choose according to their needs and wants. Every day is available in both liquid and dry forms. Liquid milk is consumed mostly at home whereas dry powdered milk is used widely in offices. References [1] http://www.pakissan.com/english/allabout/livestock/dairy/dairy.industries.in.pakistan.shtml [2]http://www.slideshare.net/hassankh/powder-milk-industry-in-pakistan?related=1 3http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/milk-production-system-in-periurban-areas-of-lahore-economics-essay.php 4http://www.bignerds.com/papers/72338/Dairy-Industry-In-Pakistan/

How has the ?American Dream? been translated into popular film? Refer :: essays research papers fc

The American Dream is an often mentioned and well-known term used to describe the ideology of the United States of America. Despite the common usage of the term it is not always completely understood and so requires, at least, a brief introduction and definition. P Mueller in his writing Star Trek and the American Dream claims that â€Å"†¦to some the American dream is just "from rags to riches", to others it includes the realisation of high flying ideals as old as mankind itself.† Mueller then goes onto say that the term was coined in 1931 by James Truslow Adams and identifies three main roots: mythical aspects (leading back to the ancient dream of a perfect society and as paradise even before the continent was discovered), religious aspects (which Mueller describes as dealing with the puritan vision of a city upon a hill) and political aspects (arising from the declaration of independence and the constitution). It would seem that the most important of these th ree themes is arguably that of the political nature and various commentators have defined the American Dream in this way. Martin Luther King claimed â€Å"It [the American Dream] is found in those majestic words of the Declaration of Independence, words lifted to cosmic proportions: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by God, Creator, with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." This is a dream. It’s a great dream.† Jim Bickford concurred with this view within his writing The American Dream: Our Heritage of Hope (in which he goes onto to identify several examples of the American Dream in practice throughout history) when he claimed â€Å"America was built on dreams† and went onto to discuss the importance of the declaration of independence in creating the dream by stating â€Å"Our ancestors chose to take the risk by putting their lives o n the line and fighting for freedom† . In respect to the medium of film it comes as no surprise that the American Dream has filtered itself, both consciously and unconsciously, directly and indirectly, onto the screen. America, and in particular Hollywood, is the dominant producer of film within the world today. Where Hollywood leads other filmmaking nations follow. The American Dream is largely presented within film in the sense of the political context: life, liberty and (in particular) the pursuit of Happiness but there is no uniform depiction of this.

Anesthetics :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every thing in life has a question, every question in life has an answer, and every answer in life has a reason. My question is, why be an anesthesiologist? Well why be anything, why be parents, why be young, why is the world getting more and more violent. Because we want to be, we have to be, and that's just where the world is taking us. I want to help people I want to make a difference in the way that people feel. I could very easily be a psychologist but it takes one to know one and I don't want to do that. Being a doctor I have the chance to help people of all ages and I won’t be compromising my physical and mental health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Going into surgery knocked out by an anesthetic is like stepping on to an airplane, because you are temporarily putting your life into what you hope are trained professionals. Anesthesia has revolutionized the way we look at surgery. Hundreds of new, better and safer anesthetics have been introduced in the past 40 years. Just think of how it would be to be one of the doctors to bring one those new advances into the world. How many millions of people would you be helping?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Science is rapidly growing in the medical field every day their is a new discovery of a drug, or a procedure that works better than the old, so their for to be a part of the advancing age would be more gratifying than many other things that I can think of. An estimated 15 million people undergo anesthesia each year with only the rarest of complications. The most interesting thing about this miracle is that their is not a person on the face of this earth that can tell you what it is about the drugs we use that makes them do what they do. We don't even know how they work, or understand how they work. Yes this is a very scary thing but just think of the rewards and benefits that you could have if you could come with the answer to all those questions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fact is, is that we don't know any more now about anesthetics now than we did 150 years ago when we first started using them. Like many revolutions in medicine, anesthesia was first discovered by chance in the early 1900’s.

Free Essays - Analysis of I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud :: Wandered Lonely

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud – An Analysis I chose the poem "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" by William Wordsworth because I like the imagery in it of dancing daffodils. Upon closer examination, I realized that most of this imagery is created by the many metaphors and similes Wordsworth uses. In the first line, Wordsworth says "I wandered lonely as a cloud." This is a simile comparing the wondering of a man to a cloud drifting through the sky. I suppose the wandering cloud is lonely because there is nothing up there that high in the sky besides it. It can pass by unnoticed, touching nothing. Also, the image of a cloud brings to mind a light, carefree sort of wandering. The cloud is not bound by any obstacle, but can go wherever the whim of the wind takes it. The next line of poem says "I saw a crowd, a host, of golden daffodils." Here Wordsworth is using a metaphor to compare the daffodils to a crowd of people and a host of angels. The word crowd brings to mind an image of the daffodils chattering amongst one another, leaning t heir heads near each other in the wind. The word host makes them seem like their golden petals are shimmering like golden halos on angels. It is interesting to note that daffodils do have a circular rim of petals in the middle that could look like a halo. Later in the poem Wordsworth uses another simile, saying the dancing of daffodils in the wind is "continuous as the stars that shine and twinkle on the milky way." This line creates the image of the wind blowing the tops of random daffodils up and down in a haphazard matter, so they appear to glint momentarily as their faces catch the sun. This goes along with the next metaphor of the daffodils "tossing their heads in sprightly dance." Comparing their movement to a dance also makes me think of swirling, swishing yellow skirts moving in harmony. It is also interesting how the first image of the wandering cloud contrasts sharply with the second image of the dancing daffodils.

‘Explore the nature of love in the extasie’: John Donne poetry analysis Essay

In his poem, The Extasie, John Donne describes his own attainment of a state of ecstasy (literally meaning, to stand outside of oneself), through his physical and spiritual proximity to his lover. In his earliest work (for example Elegie: To his Mistris Going to Bed, and The Flea) – which could be loosely termed his ‘lust poetry’ – Donne’s focus tends to be on (or at least around) the sexual act and the beauty of the human (and more particularly the feminine) form, whilst in his later work (such as his Holy Sonnets) he explores religion and death, this poem falls into the transitory phase of what could be termed Donne’s ‘love poetry’ (for example, The Good Morrow). Characteristically then, the main focus of The Extasie is his love for a specific woman (as opposed to women in general, or rather, any random woman – as is the case in his lust poems), and how this love is so transcendent that it leads to a platonic extasie. In the first stanza, the tranquillity of the setting is established, with the imagery of ‘a pillow on a bed’, a ‘reclining head’, suggesting relaxation, and the line ‘Sat we two, one anothers best’, suggesting serenity and the intimacy of the lovers. This continues into the subsequent stanza with the elegant, and yet deeply intense image of ‘Our eye-beames twisted, and did thred Our eyes, upon one double string’, which apart from highlighting the apparent totality of their absorption in one another, also alludes the contemporaneous belief that sight constituted ‘eye-beames’ being emitted from one’s eyes and illuminating your surroundings. In the 4th stanza, Donne starts to bring in more explicitly the spiritual union that begins to manifest out of the physical intimacy. Initially it may seem as if he is attempting to upset the otherwise peaceful setting, by introducing elements of conflict into in the line, ‘As ‘twixt two equall Armies, Fate Suspends uncertaine victorie’. However, if you take into account the fact that the use of epic military metaphors in relation to love is a common poetic motif (and was even more so in Donne’s time), it becomes clear that this is not the case, and that the intended effect is more to highlight the fact that the lovers are ‘eqaull’ in the relationship, and to link this simile to their souls hanging in the air, ‘twixt her, and mee’. Moreover, the idea that their souls ‘Were gone out’, to ‘advance their state’, is suggestive of Donne’s neo-platonic philosophy, and the idea of two souls, blending together to form an indivisible and perfect hybrid – as can be seen in the line, ‘he knew not which soul spake, Because both meant, both spake the same’, demonstrating the complete intellectual union between the two. The line ‘(all which before was poore, and scant,) Redoubles still, and multiplies’, goes on to suggest the idea that the souls reinforce each other’s weaknesses, whilst the line, ‘That abler soule, which thence doth flow, Defects of loneliness controulles’, continues this concept, showing the perfection of the ‘abler soul’, by highlighting the absence of any defects, even one such as loneliness, which are innate human response to certain situations. This leads on to the idea that the defect of mortality is also absent, and that the union is eternal – as evident in the line ‘For, th’Atomies of which we grow, Are soules, whom no change can invade’. These ideas all derive from the Plato’s concept of the Forms, in which it is theorised that for every material thing, a perfect form of it exists, of which the material form is merely a pale shadow or imitation. For Donne, it is the transcendence and perfection of the love between himself and the woman, that leads to their transition to a higher state (their Extasie is ‘by love refin’d’). Furthermore, the mingling of their souls which follows on from the extasie, has a purifying effect, ‘unperplex(ing)’ them, and resulting in him ‘part(ing) farre purer than he came’ – Donne realises in this poem, that intellectual and emotional intimacy that he experiences transcends bodily love, and that ‘it was not sexe’, but rather something beyond the physical world. In addition to this, Donne brings in the theme of alchemy to his presentation of love – something common throughout much of his poetry and generally during that period. Indeed, he presents love as the alchemist in the union of the souls – ‘Love, these mixt soules, doth mixe again, and makes both one, each this and that’ – imbuing it with the power to transform and transmute souls. This is also evoked in relation to the body in the 14th stanza – ‘Nor are drosse to us, but allay’ – in which he describes the body as being an alloy that strengthens the soul. This distinction between body and soul is also very Platonic; however, the way that the body is presented here, differs greatly from Plato’s attitude to it, and from the presentation of the body previously in the poem. For example, in the fifth stanza, ‘sepulchrall statues’, suggests a certain irrelevance and a lack of the vivacity of the soul, whilst the transcendence of the soul over the body, and the idea that, ‘They’are ours, though they’are not wee, Wee are Th’intelligences, they are the spheare’, objectifies the bodies as a mere inanimate vessel, subservient to the intellect. However, as Donne does go on to admit, ‘We owe them thankes’, as the initial physical intimacy was, ‘all our meanes to make us one’, and without ‘their forces, sense to us’, the union of their souls through their love, would never have occurred. Essentially then, Donne sets up the idea that in fact the body has its own intrinsic value upon which the soul is dependent, whilst going to describe that in fact, the body, which in spite of trying to ‘beget Spirits, as like soules as it can’, in order to govern itself, begins to fail without the presence of the soul (‘That subtile knot, which makes us man’. Essentially then, the conclusion would appear to be that body and soul are interdependent, and whilst it is clear that Donne ultimately values spiritual love over bodily love (perceiving the body as a ‘prison’, in which ‘a great Prince†¦lies’), he accepts the one’s reliance on the other, as after his experience of Extasie, he realises that in fact it matters little, as there is, ‘Small change, when we’are to bodies gone. ‘

The Nurses Role in Patient Advocacy

feel for originates in the kinships of sh ard human experience. The curbs principal(a) fibres of promoting goodness, preventing illness, restoring health and alleviating suffering places the arrest in a position to continuously confront an advocate for their persevering. A scenario has been created in which a terminally ill affected role has asked the resort rough alternative healthc are sermon options. The amend in this case dismisses them as quack pr interpretices.What role does the view as shoo-in in this situation? When the longanimouss wishes are in conflict with others, the nurse empathiseks to help resolve the conflict. Where conflict persists, the nurses commitment remains to the set longanimous of (Code of honest motive for nurses with interpretive pedagogys, 2001). object lesson courage is some amour that helps the nurse to address estim subject issues and take save when doing the right thing is not always easy.When a persevering and restitute relationship is strained the nurse can some terms help arbitrate a situation while always remembering her sound and ethical obligations. Physicians and nurses put one across different roles and duties in the hospital.Although nurses do not have the power to break certain(p) types of grapple decisions, they do have the business to follow the chain of command fit in to facility policy, until satisfied that good decisions are being made for their patients. Nurses spend to a greater extent one on one time with their patients than doctors.The closeness of this relationship may make it easier for some patients to disclose their complaints to the nurse sooner than the doctor (Ofri, 2013). Nurses responsibilities are to provide the beaver sustenance to the patients and to incubate that all of their rights and interests are met.Once health armorial bearing disturbances have been adapted to meet the exceptional fills of the patient, the nurses role is to articulate the patients indicate for care within the multidisciplinary team, creating patient-centered patterns of health care (Hewitt, 2002).As a patient advocate, ordering a consultation with those who can help except in the decision making touch is paramount. Patient advocacy is attractd as nurse activities aimed at securing patients legal and ethical rights and satisfying their existential conveys, both on the level of the patient-nurse relationship and in the healthcare team or organization (Vaartio-Rajalin & Leino-Kilpi, 2011).The nurse should stand for the patients rights, dignity and health when others lead not, thus becoming the communicator surrounded by the medical student and patient. This ascertains that the patient receives optimal treatment. The Patient pinnacle of Rights states A patient has the right to start turn out reproduction almost the specific character of proposed treatment or procedure, a manifestation of the risks compound, and cultivation about medical alternat ives (Patients rights, 2013).Since the medical student from our scenario has refused to discuss alternative health care options with the patient, it is the duty of the nurse to set about a patient advocate. After world-class discussing this situation with the doctor, if the nurse is granted the doctors permission to provide cultivation to the patient, there are some presidency agencies and resources like National Center for completing and ersatz medicine (NCCAM), The National crab louse Institute, U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and CAM on PubMed.These organizations assist patients and their families in learning about Complementary and Alternative Medicine therapies (Complementary and Alternative Medicine in cancer treatment, 2013). If the doctor refuses to give permission, it should lead the nurse to circumstances his or her opinions with the medical staff involved in the patient care, following the get chain of command.Based on a abide by held by The New Engla nd Journal of Medicine most of the physicians reported that when a patient requests a legal medical intervention to which the physician objects for religious or honourable reasons, it is ethically permissible for the physician to describe the reason for the objection but that the physician must also disclose information about the intervention and refer the patient to someone who will provide it (Curlin, Lawrence, Chin, & Lantos, 2007). In order to provide the best care and safe environment to a patient, nurses need to band together and work as a team.Gloria Ohmart, EdD, MN, APRN, offers a few strategies to shelter patients rights and nursing profession. more or less of them are 1. Keep an accurate understand of issues that may be dangerous, illegal or unethical 2. Check with other coworkers to see if they feel the same way about the situation, compare notes and discuss what the problem is and bring in a united front 3. lambast to a charge nurse, head nurse, or supervisor to b ring the problem to someone elses attention 4. Go up the chain.If a superior does not act on the complaints, then nurses may need to go to the next level of cheek and so on until they get to the go across 5. Pursue an advanced degree. Higher education empowers through knowledge and enables nurses to develop absolute communication and conflict resolution skills, the skill to negotiate and provides a deeper under rest of pro ethics ( Finn, 2013). Nurses must examine the conflicts arising between their own personal and professional set, the values and interests of others who are also responsible for patient care and health decisions, as easily as those of patients.Nurses strive to resolve much(prenominal) conflicts in ways that ensure patient safety, guard the patients best interests and pressure the professional integrity of the nurses (Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements, 2001).The Code of Ethics for Nurses was genuine as a guide for carrying out nursing responsibilities in a way consistent with quality in nursing care and the ethical obligations of the profession. When a sizzling topic arises in the industry, the American nursing Association (ANA) will create an explanation, justification, or recommendation for a course of action otherwise known as a position statement.The Code for Nurses published by the ANA is the standard by which ethical manoeuvre is guided and evaluated by the profession. It provides a simulation within which nurses can make ethical decisions and discharge their professional responsibilities to the public, to other members of the health team, and to the profession.According to number eight of the position statement nurses must attend to and be assured of the conflicts of dual loyalty to patients, health care institutions, employers and agencies that provide payment for services (Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements, 2001).Care and compassion are dickens traits that most nurses excel in . However these 2 qualities alone cannot facilitate being a voice for a patient. Education and good courage are also inbred needs when standing for the rights of a patient. It is authoritative that a nurse understand their legal and ethical obligations to society and be able to carry forward their role as a patient advocate.Nurses should always design to become as skilled and certifiable in their chosen field as possible by consistently essay to advance their education and training, as well as entering into a fusion with physicians and health professionals.Policymaking and workforce planning should be done effectively to collect information and provide for a better information infrastructure. Educating ourselves as nurses will be meaty to teaching our patients and allowing us to be a strong patient advocate, while standing united and taking comfort in knowing we are not alone.