Cloning :: Biology Cloning

For the last few decades, copy was a fictitious idea that lay deep within the pages of some sci-fi novels. The very idea that cloning could one day become reality was thought to be a scientific impossibility by many experts but on one lift up day, what was thought to be purely fiction became reality. That fine day was February 22, 1997. A team from the Roslin Institute which was lead by Dr. Ian Wilmut changed the face of history forever by revealing what looked like an average sheep. That sheep was what was going to be one of the most famous if not the most famous sheep in modern day. Dolly was this septette month old Trojan lambs name and Dolly was the first ever clone of a mammal. She was an exact biological carbon copy, a laboratory mold of her mother. In essence, Dolly was her mothers biological twin. What surprised most thought, was not just the fact that Dolly was a clone but was that the trick to Wilmut and his teams success was a trick that was so ingenious yet so simple that any skilled laboratory technician could master it. Therein, lied a pathway towards a recent future. This news shocked the world for Dolly was the key to many new and prosperous possibilities. But Dolly was not the first clone ever. Cloning of a more limited sort had been done before her. Creatures such as mice, frogs and salamanders had been cloned from as early as the 1950s. Then, a different procedure was used. This procedure include the destruction of the nucleus inside the junkie cell. Then a new donor cell would be brought and injected into the egg cell as a replacement. The egg would then grow into an progeny of the same genetic make-up as the donor. Later on in the 1970s a new technique was developed. This technique include transferring the genes from one organism to another by combining the DNA from a plant or animal cell with the DNA in bacteria. When the bacteria dual-lane the cells were now the clones of both plant/animal DNA as well as the DNA it had originally. T his cloning technique allowed for the growth of many endocrine arranging servements such as hormone, insulin and interferon. In 1993, researchers in the US began and successfully cloned a human embryo in order to develop new ways to treat human infertility.

The Euthyphro Dilemma Essay -- Philosophy Plato Euthyphro

The Euthyphro DilemmaIn Platos dialogue, Euthyphro, Socrates presents Euthyphro with a choice Is what is pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?Euthyphro responds by asserting that holiness is that which is approved loved or sancti one and only(a)d by the gods whence impiety is whatever is disapproved of by the gods. However, as Socrates points out, the question poses a dilemma for those who believe as Euthyphro does that honor is revealed by divine authority alone.Now, a dilemma is an argument forcing a choice of two unfavourable alternatives. The important point here is that the alternatives must be equally unfavourable. Simply to be faced with two alternatives is not to be faced with a dilemma. To appreciate why each of the options set out in a higher place are unpalatable for Euthyphro, we need to unpack the import of each alternative carefully.In drawing out the implications of Socrates argument, I intend to substitute the word God for Platos gods this modification will not affect the potency of the argument, and will make the dilemma more topical and relevant to the modern reader.Essentially, the dilemma faced by Euthyphro is this If it is hold that certain actions and dispositions are good simply because God favours them, then it seems that the distinction between good and evil, right and wrong, is purely arbitrary for no reason foundation be given why God should favour one kind of action rather than another. The distinction is solely a matter of Gods taste, just as it is a matter of my taste that I prefer prawns to oysters. As no reason can be given why God should favour, say, justice and kindness, he might equally have favoured their opposites. In which case ... ...d so, the dilemma has not been resolved completely after all.Undoubtedly, anyone holding a theistic conception of piety must find some place for divinely revealed moral commands but it may be that in so doing the theist weakens th eir resolution of the dilemma. On the one hand, they want to say that the question of whether an alleged special revelation concerning moral matters comes from God is to be answered in the light of our rationally established criteria of good and evil. This suggests that faith has no need of revelation. On the other hand, they want to say that, for the theist, ultimate questions of good and evil cannot be answered apart from reference to special revelation. This suggests that, in the final exam analysis, our reason is inadequate as a source of the knowledge of good and evil. It is hard to see how the theist can have it both ways.

Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg :: World War II WWII

Claus Schenk Graf von StauffenbergFrom autumn 1943 on, Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg becomes adecisive factor in the struggle against Hitler. In 1933, he ab initiofeels that National Socialist policy offers Germany favorableopportunities but is soon alienated by the regimes racial ideology.Yet Stauffenberg only assumes an active role in debate the regimeonce he realizes the consequences of German policy in east Europeand can estimate the full extent of the damage that Hitlers war hasbrought upon Germany and Europe. infra the influence of Henning von Tresckow, common FriedrichOlbricht, and First Lieutenant Fritz-Dietlof Graf von der Schulenburgof the army reserve, Stauffenberg becomes a focal point of the militaryconspiracy. He establishes important links to civilian resistancegroups and coordinates his blackwash plans with Carl FriedrichGoerdeler and Ludwig Beck, and with the conspirators waiting inreadiness in Paris, Vienna, Berlin, and at Army Group Center.Stauffenbergs W ay to the Assassination Attempt of July 20, 1944In early April 1943, Stauffenberg is severely wounded in Tunisia,barely escaping death. During the months of his convalescence, hegradually comes to realize he must take an active part in resistance.Even in earlier years, the churchs struggle, the persecution of theJews, and the crimes in eastern Europe have alienated Stauffenberg fromthe National Socialist state. His closest confidant is his brotherBerthold, who has had contacts to the opposition for a long time. Afteran extended period of convalescence, Colonel Claus Schenk Graf vonStauffenberg is ordained to the post of chief of staff of the GeneralArmy Office in October 1943. From June 1944 on, he also serves as chiefof staff for the commanding officer of the Ersatzheer (Reserve Army),General Friedrich Olbricht, at Olbrichts request. In this position hehas clearance to attend briefings at Hitlers headquarters in theso-called Wolfs Lair near Rastenburg in East Prussia. Olbrichtinfo rms Stauffenberg of his plans for a coup and introduces him tomembers of the resistance groups around Ludwig Beck and Carl FriedrichGoerdeler.Stauffenberg has a great deal of charisma and is valued for hisprofessional expertise. He brings many opponents of the regime togetherand makes close friends among them non only military officers but alsoSocial Democrats like Julius Leber, members of the Kreisau Circle likeAdam von Trott zu Solz, and representatives of the labor union movementlike Jakob Kaiser and Wilhelm Leuschner.The Planning of proceeding ValkyrieThe conspirators from the civilian and military resistance groupsrealize that the military leadership cannot be induced to act inconcert. They concentrate their efforts on eliminating Hitler, gainingcontrol of the military image of command, and assuming the

Equal Opportunity Classes :: College Education Essays

Equal Opportunity ClassesThere are some(prenominal) different ways that a college classroom chamberpot operate. The articles that will be included in this essay will show different ways classes are operated in the past, present and the future. The three essays which are explained in this essay are, Mother Tongue, by Amy Tan The Ethics of Requiring Students to Write About their Personal Lives, by Susan Swartzlander, Diana Pace, and Virginia Lee Stamler and A Note from the Future, by Kathy Camper. These essays speak encounterive what the author believes in. The essays written about in this paper show that, in a technology-rich, Twenty-first century college writing course the professor should be candid toward his/her students and all students should have an equal opportunity in their college writing classes. In the essay, Mother Tongue, Amy Tan, author of The Joy Luck Club, writes about growing up with a mother who speaks broken English. Her parents both emigrated from China and th e males in her family had passed away due to a brain tumor, leaving only herself and her mother. Tan, as a child would act like her mother when speaking with important people. Even as an adult she still occasionally speaks for her mother. While she grew up with broken English, Amy grasped the English language differently than most English-speaking Americans, and in her article, Tan speaks about her belief that her family life caused, in part, her to do worse in English than her other subjects. Tan believes that this is so because English is not as exact as mathematics and science. As she got older, Tan began to write stories, and when asked why there are not as many other Asian-American authors in the United States, she wonders if it is because of schoolteachers. In this essay, Tan states ...Perhaps they also have teachers who are steering them away from writing and into math and science, which is what happened to me. (Tan par 15) In this financial statement Tan shows her belief t hat her teachers discouraged her from enhancing her English skills. Later, despite the factors against her, Amy Tan became a famous writer. In the article, The Ethics of Requiring Students to Write About their Personal Lives, by professor Susan Swartzlander and Doctors Diana Pace and Virginia Lee Stamler from Grand Valley State University, the authors write about how students feel when forced to write about their personal background.

A New Life :: Personal Narrative Divorce Family Essays

A New Lifeafter about eight years of my comes searching to replace the love once sure from my father and my hopes of my parents getting back together, she fell in love with some star new, shattering all my hopes. Assuming this new love wanted to replace my father, I put up an emotional wall. Eventually, this wall crumbled down when I realized that my parents were happier apart than when they were together. Even though my set about and father no longer had a relationship, the one between my mother and me matured drastically. This occurred after I finally accepted that she, too, needed love, a love that her children alone could not give her.After my parents divorced, my mother became lonely. Finally, she decided to start dating. My mother had never really dated before my parents got married, so it seemed rough at first. For the first time, my mother relied on me for approval. I took on the parental role and, therefore, terminated any unapproved relationships, since her date could en d up as my new father. I finally decided to introduce her to one of my friends fathers of whom I did approve. I had no intention of them getting married. I just wanted her to date someone who would treat her right and I knew he would.As time passed, they began to see more and more of each other and I noticed a drastic change in my mothers attitude. She began acting like a teenager. She even got that giggle that girls get when they get a crush. I felt positively overjoyed at eyesight my mother like this.About 2 months after they began dating, she came home late one night and said she had a surprise for us. My sister and I proceed to play our Nintendo game not thinking anything of the surprise she had mentioned. However, our game of computerized Monopoly came to a sudden end. I could not believe what I was hearing. After only two months of dating, my mother and Mike started let looseing about marriage. My mind went blank and I could not even get out congratulations. Apparently ass uming I disapproved, my mother stormed out of the room, angered and hurt. She avoided me the next day, unsure of what to say to me.The following day after school I remained in my room. My mother brought Mike over to talk with me.

A New Life :: Personal Narrative Divorce Family Essays

A New LifeAfter about eight years of my arrives searching to replace the love once received from my father and my hopes of my parents getting back together, she fell in love with someone new, shattering solely my hopes. Assuming this new love wanted to replace my father, I put up an emotional wall. in timetually, this wall crumbled down when I realized that my parents were happier apart than when they were together. Even though my mother and father no longer had a relationship, the one between my mother and me matured drastically. This occurred after I finally accepted that she, too, needed love, a love that her children alone could not give her.After my parents divorced, my mother became lonely. Finally, she decided to start dating. My mother had never really dated before my parents got married, so it seemed rough at first. For the first time, my mother relied on me for approval. I took on the parental role and, therefore, terminated any unapproved relationships, since her date could end up as my new father. I finally decided to introduce her to one of my friends fathers of whom I did approve. I had no intention of them getting married. I hardly wanted her to date someone who would treat her right and I knew he would.As time passed, they began to see more and more of each other and I noticed a drastic change in my mothers attitude. She began acting like a teenager. She compensate got that giggle that girls get when they get a crush. I felt positively overjoyed at seeing my mother like this.About two months after they began dating, she came home late one shadow and said she had a surprise for us. My sister and I continued to play our Nintendo game not thinking anything of the surprise she had mentioned. However, our game of computerized Monopoly came to a sudden end. I could not believe what I was hearing. After only two months of dating, my mother and Mike started talking about marriage. My mind went blank and I could not even get out congratulations. A pparently assuming I disapproved, my mother stormed out of the room, angered and hurt. She avoided me the next day, unsure of what to say to me.The following day after naturalize I remained in my room. My mother brought Mike over to talk with me.

China’s Terra-Cotta Army

In March of 1974, while drilling a well, a work brigade of farmers discovered a subterranean chamber nearby the royal tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi, the first Emperor of China (Encyclopedia Britannica). The superstitious old women of the village believed that the digging would disturb the Earth God. Therefore, collectible to these spiritual beliefs, they did not report the discovery right away. Eventually, archeologists came to Xian in droves to study and extend the digs. This led to the uncovering of three vast pits to the east of the sepulture tomb.In these pits, chariots, weapons and over 7,000 terracotta soldiers and horses were unearthed (Roberts p. 25). After extensive research, historians and archeologists concluded these terracotta soldiers were buried there to protect Emperor Qin (pronounced Chin) and his underground kingdom in the afterlife. Ying Zheng was born in 260 BC. He was a member of the Qin Dynasty and ascended to the throne in 247 BC at the age of thirteen. The Qin rul e became the or so powerful during the Warring States Period, a hectic, brutal, and unsafe time in Chinese history where the seven states were at constant state of war with one another.After conquering the rival states, King Zheng, ruling over a flat unified state he called China, renamed himself Qin Shi Huangdi, the First Emperor (Man p. 28). Under Emperor Qins rule, China, which is a derivative of his name, was ruled by strict law. He was a cruel ruler who readily killed or banished those who opposed him or his ideology. He is notorious for burning virtually all the books that remained from previous regimes and burnt over 460 alchemists because they failed to give up him a life prolonging elixir.After umteen attempts on his life were made, including one from his own mother, Emperor Qin ruled with a schizophrenic mind (China First Emperor). It was perhaps his insatiable desire for security in an uncertain world that drove him on. (Man p. 28) Emperor Qin undertook many projec ts in his organization of China. He is accredited for connecting existing solid ground walls to defend his kingdom from outside barbarians creating the first adaptation of the Great Wall of China. He constructed an extensive ne bothrk of roads and canals for travel and trade throughout his empire. by chance the two key changes that ensured the unity of Chinese culture were the standardization of currency and the written script (Chinas First Emperor). One of his projects was the construction of his mausoleum at get into Li, which took 700,000 workers an estimated 11 years to finish. It is believed to contain a model of his empire and includes rivers of mercury and booby traps, as well as many buried treasures and sacrificial objects. It is speculated that in order to guard its secrets, the workers who constructed it were also entombed. This is said to be one of the last examples of mass human sacrifice in Chinese history.Although the location of the emperors tomb has long been know n, it has yet to be excavated (Roberts p. 25). Another of his projects, which was unknown until the 1974 discovery, was the three vast pits containing the terracotta army. The first pit measures 252 yards long, 68 yards wide and 16 feet deep. There atomic number 18 over 6,000 terracotta warriors and horses, of which 1,000 have been unearthed. The soldiers were assembled from separately kiln-fired sections of terracotta the lower halves of the bodies ar made of solid terracotta clay and the upper halves ar hollow.The warriors vary in height ranging from 58 to 6 1/2 tall. They were given individually detailed faces which were believed to be based on the faces of the Emperors actual soldiers. However, it has since been proved that all the soldiers are based on ten basic designs (Travel China Guide). The figures are assembled into a well-organized battle array composed of the infantry and cavalry. The vanguard bowmen include 210 foot soldiers divided equally into three lines. The ca valry and war chariot follow close in line, forming the main body of the battle formation.The foot soldiers are alternated with the chariots drawn by horses, lined into 38 columns. On both the northern and southern sides of the war formation stand 180 warriors which serve as flank guards. The rear guards are on the western end, with two lines facing east and another facing west. Some soldiers are armed with battle robe, and some are equipped with armor. The war formation is elaborately set in a line and is poised as if prepared for battle at any moment (Travel China Guide). The punt pit is the most spectacular of the three.The combat formations are more complex, and the units of armed soldiers are more complete. There are over 80 war chariots, close 1,300 terracotta warriors and horses, and thousands of bronze weapons. It is here where the terracotta general, the kneeling archer and the warrior with a saddled horse were discovered (Travel China Guide). The third pit is believed by experts to be the command sharpen for all the groups in the other two pits. The unearthed artifacts include 68 terracotta warriors, four horses and one chariot all arranged in a unique layout.Upon entering the pit, there is a passageway where the 68 warrior figures stand orderly along the two sides (Travel China Guide). During the excavation and repair work on the terracotta warrior figures, experts discovered many names carved or printed on the bodies of these figures. So far 87 different names have been recognized. They were found hidden in such places as the hips or under the arms of the terracotta warrior statues. Further research has shown that these 87 people were the master craftsmen, and that these craftsmen had assistants of their own.In all, it is estimated that about a thousand people participated in the fashioning of the terracotta warriors (Travel China Guide). The compound was declared a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Worl d Heritage Site in 1987. After more than two decades of work on the site, archaeologists in the 1990s anticipated that it would take many more years, perhaps several generations, to unearth the remainder of the tomb complex. In 1978, the origin French president, Jacques Chirac visited the Museum of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses.He called the Qin warriors the eighth wonder of the world. From then on, the Qin terracotta warriors became famous all over the world. In the years since its discovery, the tomb of the terracotta warriors has become one of Chinas most important tourist destinations, drawing thousands of visitors to Xian each year (Encyclopedia Britannica). Emperor Qins terracotta army is a remarkable demonstration of the First Emperors ambition to rule, not hardly in his lifetime but also in his afterlife.

Lead and Manage a Team Within a Health and Social Care Setting

The features of effective squad implementation atomic number 18 set out in Brian Tuckmans phases of aggroup up development theory, Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing. This outlines the phases that a team pass on go through in order to become effective and r all(prenominal) maturity. At the Forming stage of team development individual roles and responsibilities are un discipline and distributively member of the team is concerned to avoid interlocking with each separate.From this point the team will go through the Storming phase which is when they start to conflict as individuals put forward ideas which will be challenged by others in a bid to gain military group and position over others. After this the Norming phase follows and it is at this point that individual roles are defined and accepted and ground rules and conduct are agreed. After each of these stages the team thus reaches the Performing stage which is where they are all working towards the same shared goal. This theory shows that for all teams to be effective each individual needs to be clear on their role, responsibilities and shared end goal. This is achieved through positive leadership, utilising the skills of the team and addressing weaknesses to make the team more effective. The challenges experienced by developing teams are often due to organisational change. Staff may be resistant to change such as moving to join a peeled team or working with people they do not know.A health and social care organisation needs to identify the skills and knowledge that are essential for the service plan and recruit supply according to this to ensure that the diversity and skill mix needed is met to fulfil the service outcome. Newly appointed module should complete an induction that ensures they understand and comply with the organisations values and objectives and their role and support systems should be clarified as quickly as possible to ensure they great deal contribute as quickly and eff ectively as possible to the team. An established team experiences different challenges to a developing team.They may have more hindrance maintaining provide enthusiasm and momentum. To overcome these challenges the organisation needs to be aware of changes to workload and conflict between individuals to resolve issues quickly before they impact on other staff and then service substance abusers. Also feedback should be given to staff in order for them to maintain or improve performance levels and citation should be expressed for good work to maintain a high level of staff morale. Once momentum is built then it is easier to maintain and helps staff to remain enthusiastic and continue o communicate and trust their colleagues and manage their prison term efficiently and keeps them orientated to the important work tasks. Challenges to effective team performance can be overcome by the organisation being clear about the values and objectives in relation to staff and service users and c ommunicating these and the time frame in which these are expected to be achieved. Support should be given to those who are capable of sharing the organisations objectives so they can become committed to ensuring that the service outcomes are met.If this is not through with(p) then it can be difficult to maintain effective team working. Dawes and Handscomb performed a review on team leadership in 2005 and suggested that these difficulties stemmed from competing professional interests. In different settings they reviewed the relationship between team working and care outcomes and it was found that within a large term care setting the care outcomes required effective team working to be met. It is considered that management styles can be divided into three categories. * Autocratic- characterised by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members. Paternalistic- a type of fatherly managerial style typically employed by dominant males where their organizationa l power is used to control and protect subordinate staff that are expected to be loyal and obedient. * Democratic- a style in which members of the group mother a more participative role in the decision making process. A leader can be anyone who has the ability to influence other members of a team. It is considered that a manager and a leader are different but they are complementary to tasks being carried out. Management styles will change to strike the stage of development the workforces stage of development.When starting a new team a manager will have to be clear about setting goals, establishing rules and assigning responsibility and then taking on the more troublesome tasks of organising resources, motivating and creating a cooperative team. As the team develops then roles can be delegated and appropriate support provided. Doing this enables the team to become more confident and the style of management and leadership changes so team members begin to take on more leadership func tions. The primary focus of a leader is to develop and maintain trust between the service user and the staff.The service user will look at the staff to establish with them character and competence. If these two characteristics are met then this develops trust with the service user. Character relates to motive and intent, whether the staff are working towards the same objectives. Competence relates to skills and results, whether the staff are able to care for the service user and meet the objective set by the organisation. Staff that are registered with professional bodies have accountability and are answerable for their actions. They are accountable by law for meeting the standards and objectives that are set out for them.Even when staff are working towards a common goal, conflict can still arise. This can be due to different personalities, communication styles, sense of priorities and changes to workload. Trying to proscribe conflict is best practice so a manager should try to buil d an environment that is supportive, positive and stable to try and reduce the likelihood of conflict developing. If conflict does develop then a manager should try to * Address it at the earliest opportunity. * Keep the discussions positive. Look at what can be done to resolve the conflict. * Encourage the team to focus on the problem, not the person. Encourage honest dialogue between the team, welcoming different points of view that do not create blame. Each individual should be allowed to voice their point of view and also listen to and respect each others views. * Ask each individual to accept ownership of their part of the problem. * Discuss a variety of options before settling on an agreement that is based on objective criteria that will resolve the conflict. Conflict does not always necessarily have to be a bad thing, as if it is dealt with constructively, can lead to increased productivity, development of new ideas and personal development of team members.

Emirates Airlines Essay

1 INTRODUCTION1.1 AimIt is vital to review the go on of business, particularly in a circumstance of rapidly changing contexts. In this regard, there be incumbrance attempts that Inter discipline wariness affects to do in reviewing business performance. In order to respond to change goodly, the community must access its efficiency in current ripening direction. They need to identify their private-enterprise(a) advantages, position themselves and find out how competitive they atomic number 18 in the market placeplace. As a result, centering must redefine their business goals and set recent strategic objectives to sustain as a Global leader in a dynamic purlieu.1.2 ScopeThis report uses, The Emergence & Rise and Rise of Emirates Airline As a Global sendline using the Emirates Airline teddy study.1.3 Company Back causeEmirates started in 1980s as a small corporation but with big dream. In the start they reduced their attend tos to Dubai. Emirates is a administration ow n company and started off with the capital of $10 million they started off with deuce planes both of them were leased from Pakistan planetary Airlines. It was established aft(prenominal) gulf Air, a regional airline then owned by Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the United Arab Emirates. Tim Clark, thepresident of emirates, says that his airline represents the future of mass air travel. In the epoch economic downfall when all companies were struggling to sustain themselves, even at that magazine Emirates was well enough to attract customer, brocaded fargons and consistently turned a wampum. Emirates earned $925 million his last six months, which was raised up from $205 million in the previous year. To attract and sustain their customer they set up to put ravish in their planes, notable innovations overwhelmd the introduction of in-flight personal video dodgings for passengers in all disciplinees, telecommunications in all three classes and an in-flight fax facility. Emirates also acquired an exclusive-use final In Dubai airport. From its humblest startup, Emirates flew its initiatory routes out of Dubai with just cardinal aircrafta leased Boeing 737 and Airbus 300 B4 in 1985 (Stanik, Smith, Erakovic, 2007).Emirates pursues its focussed differentiation in a legacy airline of luxury, hi-tech, beautiful quality. It has been supremacyful and is now the Gulfs largest carrier, bingle of the worlds v best airlines, and expects to mystify the worlds largest airline by 2015 (Hugh, 2007). Emirates one of the leading airline of the world having 15 A380s alone and expecting to adjoin 75 more(prenominal) is the close to successful airline. Has grown into the worlds largest airline by passenger miles flown. The reasons for its success are the competitive advantage of low cost and high quality enabled Emirates to construct the leader. According to the competitors the success of Emirates is because of the support of the rulers of Dubai but Emirates do not accep t this claim and they believe Emirates is a separate business unit. Until 2009 Dubai was the largest and most prosperous emirate under the UAE. However the financial crunch that led to Dubais bankruptcy and heavy debt has affected all nationally owned companies. The Emirates airline is no exception.However, the globose economic recession has enormous impact on business. obviously very much(prenominal) an economic downswing affects business sustainability in several aspects such as market demand, customers changing preferences and behavior, financial deficits, internal resources etc. Economic retrieval is uncertain. It is important that management is aware of the short-term effect and its potential medium impact on the business. Emirates must scoop out its core competences, competitive advantages to overcome such a situation and map out strategic objectives to sustain as worlds best Global airline in the future. It has been affected nominally and a smoke ofextra strategic impl ications were called for and like rest of Dubai, Emirates is riding this crunch. Emirates is as yet one of the most popular airlines in the world and it has bounced back strongly displaying strong meshworks The success story of Emirates Airline is a phenomenon in foothold of still growth, around-the-clock innovation and signifi weedt global working out. Emirates have drawn out worthful lessons to establish as a Global airline. This report go away attempt to look at the competitive environment of Emirates and the macro-environmental factors affecting the airline application.2 Findings2.1 look MethodologyA macro environment dissection has been spotted to audit different outside impacts on business and shed lights on future patterns that may twine the business. Dissection of Porters five index fingers will help comprehend industry contention and blueprint impacts on improvement of business sectors and business. Utilizing this model helps the organization devise a method t o financial backing in front of these impacts. Further, the spotlight is on dissecting the earth. In inspecting the business execution and organizations methods set up, key assets, a SWOT is fundamental. This is carried out in an exertion to assist vital administration survey how to gain by business qualities, minimize the impacts of shortcomings, benefit as much as possible from any open doors and lesson the effect of any dangers. Emirates are most likely not an ease airy shuttle.Throughout its starting schooling stage, end-to-end the mid to late 1990s, Emirates figured out how to secure an administration separation that was profoundly prevalent and is currently an industry example. It was Emirates that began the utilization of an individualist TV set fit behind the seat. This was popular to the point that it helped their deals massively and even gave them a whole dishonor picture of being individuals benevolent. A broad these lines their methodology end-to-end that stage was to be buyer neighborly and to produce a decent brand picture.As Emirates developed, once their brand picture was secured and there was a solid Emirates vicinity in the business sector, the center of the system was to acquire piece of the overall industry at the cost of contenders. This wasto be fulfilled with most perfect scaling conceivable. This method was in fit with the necessities of the business as expressed above in the report.With the drop-off in the premium travelers disassemble and the proceeding with decrease circulating eachwhere freight part in the current financial year, Emirates is currently starting to concentrate on the economy class travelers. This vital effort is sure and is in accordance with the current achievement considers in the business. A speedy enquire a gander at the movement book of account of carriers is justified.As it sens be inferred from the figures above, which are of 2009 travel statistics, low cost airlines like Ryan Air and EasyJet h ave managed to take a great chunk of passenger volume. Emirates is well compared to carriers in the Asia-Pacific and Middle Eastern region but its volume is still less than some of the Anglo-European carriers.2.2 External Environment2.2.1 Macro Environment Analysis2.2.1.2 Economic forcesFor air transport industry, interest for travel depends gigantically on financial conditions. Pride, Elliot, Rundle-Thiele, Waller, Paladino & Ferrell, (2006, p. 61) battle that current monetary conditions and changes in the economy have a wide effect on accomplishment of associations promoting methodologies. Emirates developed and created its business in The United Arab Emirates, which has a solid economy (World Fact Book, 2009). The businesses where it chose to work in are additionally influential economies of stable development (Appendix 1 shows nation GDP). Unquestionably, stable monetary development is a springboard to accomplishment of a carriers improvement because of stretch outing request in air goes by high-pay individuals for business and relaxation. Emirates recorded an expand in traveller amounts of more than 15 for every penny yearly (Stanik, et al, 2007).Late financial downturn has critical effect on the business. Air travel request has fallen heartyly. A few real aerial shuttles will cuthousehold and global limit further in 2009 because of a falloff of about(predicate) 25 30% throughout the last quarter of 2008 (New York News, 2009). Bisignani (2009) contends that the state of the aerial shuttle industry today is troubling. Request has weakened considerably all the more quickly in the monetary lull. IATA, which speaks to 230 aerial shuttles including British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Emirates and United Airlines, likewise raised its gauge of universal air transport misfortunes in 2008 to $8.5 billion, from its medieval $8 billion evaluation, as indicated by Bisignani (2009). The business is in serious consideration (Roy Morgan, 2009). The screen is the way to survive past the current emergence.2.2.1.3 Political forcesAir go between nations is by arranged understandings (Dervaes, 1998). Flying regulations between governments affect incredibly on the accomplishment of an aerial shuttles movements. Weismen (1990) concurs most governments have strict regulations on outside transporters to work certain courses in their nations of origin to ensure the national or assigned aerial shuttle. On account of Emirates Airlines, nonetheless, Dubai is an unprotected business. Its open skies approach helped Emirates to turn into a bearer that can contend with the worlds biggest aerial transports (Stanik et al, 2007). Emirates have developed in scale and stature not through protectionism yet through rivalry rivalry with the continually developing heel of global transporters that exploit Dubais open-skies approach (Stanik et al, 2007).Emirates has delighted in the profits of worldwide pieces of the pie from entering global ends, for example, America , New Zealand and Australia because of late concessions to rich movement rights from the cardinal legislatures (Stanik et al, 2007). Flying deregulation has helped carriers to create for open course entrance, passageway of air transporters, focused admissions, administration recurrence (Goetz and Sutton, 1997). Further liberalization in the business is unstoppably expanding. Thus, the playfield rivalry gets to be more exceptional.2.2.1.4 Social and culturalSocial and Cultural factors have impacts on improvement procedures. Both residential and global markets where Emirates works have order of magnitude differences. Dubai, Australia, Canada, U.s.a and U.k are multi-social nations. Profits originate from a mixed bag of buyers patterns in agreementto their qualities, mentality, training, religion and lifestyles. As a truth, stable incomers make occasions every year. An alternate sample shows, in U.s.a, seventy five percent of high-pay individuals take an air excursion every year (Ha nlon, 1999). It is genuine in European nations where most individuals have a solid interest to go on yearly occasions. Emirates has focal points working in ends of the line where the pattern of air travel is socially enhanced.(stanik et al, 2007).Emirates has delighted in the profits of worldwide pieces of the overall industry from entering global goals, for example, America, New Zealand and Australia because of late concessions to full movement rights from the two administrations (Stanik et al, 2007). Avionics deregulation has back up aerial transports to produce for open course section, passageway of air bearers, focused tolls, administration recurrence (Goetz and Sutton, 1997). Further liberalization in the business is unstoppably expanding. Subsequently, the playfield rivalry gets to be more extreme.2.2.1.5 Technological forcesMost recent engineering is a win driver in air transport industry. The requirement for innovative advances to turn into the first mover in the business w ill make the focal point of picking up a greater amount of the lucrative business market (Oum, Park and Zhang, 1999). Emirates is completely mindful of this rule in maintained speculations in most recent engineering seeking after its separation in the 5-star standard carrier. Emirates present request book remains at 244 flying machines of the most up to date Boeing and Airbus, with an aggregate estimation of pretty nearly Us$60 billion. It is now the most youthful and will be a standout amongst the most present day armadas in overall business avionics (Emirates, n.d.).It means to be a pioneer in innovative advances, Emirates marked in-flight cell telephone scope concurrence with Aero Mobile, creating the utilization of cellular telephones locally available (M2 Communications Ltd., 2006). For a long time, Emirates has been honored various grants, for example, the worlds aerial shuttle of mechanical advances, Best Global Airline Website, Best in-flight Entertainment, Best IT designer in-flight excitement and so on. (Emirates, n.d).2.2.1.6 SustainabilityEmirates states that high fuel costs and expanding lack of regular assets areconfronting makers to make more diminutive, more eco-accommodating vehicles. Further, an unnatural weather change and environmental change have debased natures turf and the carrier business has been a component to a more quickly developing wellspring of nursery gaseous state outflows (Emirates, 2008). For a long time, aerial shuttles have countered weight from tree huggers with disavowals and advertising about their green certifications (Emirates 2008). Lately, aerial transports are striving to create biofuel for their planes. It is high time that aerial shuttles need to enter a natural association with airplane developers for eco-accommodating airplanes, quieter takeoffs and landings, considerably lessening ecological effects.2.2.1.7 advantage1. Minimal Differentiation in both administration and in operations 2. Positive connections an d relationship managent with suppliers. 3. Very thoroughly out scale and Extent of operations.4. Ensure marketing through word of communicate through excellent service 5. Utilise the best techniques to get a slight edge.2.2.2 Industry Environment AnalysisPorters Five ForcesThis will give a snapshot of the industry competition level (Thompson et al, 2007).2.2.2.1Threat of vernal entrantsEmirates is most likely not a minimal effort carrier. Throughout its prefatory development stage, throughout the mid to late 1990s, Emirates figured out how to get an administration separation that was exceptionally prominent and is presently an industry standard. It was Emirates that began the utilization of an individual TV set fit behind the seat. This was popular to the point that it helped their deals immensely and even gave them a solid brand picture of being individuals well disposed. In this way their procedure throughout that stage was to be buyer well disposed and to produce a decent bran d picture.As Emirates developed, once their brand picture was secured and there was a solid Emirates vicinity in the business, the center of the methodology wasto get piece of the overall industry at the cost of contenders. This was to be finished with greatest scaling conceivable. This methodology was in fit with the prerequisites of the business as expressed above in the report.With the decrease in the premium travellers fragment and the proceeding with decrease circulating everywhere freight division in the current financial year, Emirates is currently starting to concentrate on the economy class travellers. This key movement is certain and is in accordance with the current achievement considers in the business. A fast take a gander at the activity volume of aerial shuttles is justified.2.2.2.2 Rivalry among established companiesEmirates rival Air France-KLM and Lufthansa, the two biggest transporters in Europe with Cathay Pacific in Asia Pacific locale and with United Airlines i n the Americas (Hoovers, 2008). These entrenched system transporters work inside the same objectives, for example, NZ, UK, Hong Kong and America. The opposition is forceful as the worldwide business is seeing boosting development of ease carriers (Hofmann, 2007).2.2.2.3 Bargaining power of buyersRivalry between organizations is powerful. Emirates may confront a riskiness now and in future when clients these days have a capability to make requests on their items, in term of lower costs, higher administration or item quality. In this manner, Emirates is unrealistic to display high rates of turnover about whether because of protect diminishing, and putting all the more in item development (Hill et al., 2007). Bargaining power of suppliersBoeing and Airbus are the two overwhelming flying machine makers for the worlds carriers. Requests by all aerial shuttles for the most recent airplanes are put to both of them. As a vast purchaser, Emirates still need to face the risk of paying highe r costs or even conveyance delays. In addition, Emirates depends such a great amount of on these suppliers as obliged items are separated while the suppliers have high mastery.2.2.2.4 Substitute productsMost carriers offer results of comparative peculiarities low quantify, great quality and fantastic administration. In the locale, for instance, some other(a) fast substitute items to Emirates are Qantas, Cathay Pacific, and Singapore Airlines. In this manner, Emirates will encounter challenges when most players get aggressive enough to dispatch new items internationally. A fictitious character is new Blue, which propelled V-Australia for Trans-Pacific administrations in 2008 (Virgin Blue, n.d). Clients profit from a more extensive decision at their results of less expensive cost yet higher quality.2.2.2. 5 strategical GroupsThere are obviously strategic groups existing in the industry in same markets. Examples are named Cathay Pacific, Qantas, Air France-KLM and Lufthansa. Th ese major players offer similar products in terms of luxury passenger package, young flyers, in-flight entertainment etc. This signifies that Emirates is aggressively competing with others.2.2.2.6 Key Success FactorsCost competitivenessThis is crucial for a capital-serious industry, for example, aerial transports (Oum, Yu, 1999). It is basic that great directors can run operation costs at least level to build most elevated benefits. To adjust absolute operation costs, the administration must take care of the issue on expense slicing in methodology to keep gainfulness (ANZ, 1990). Economies of outstripEmirates is entrenched with solid system unions over worldwide ends. Then again, Emirates has persistently put resources into its armada and reveled in high productiveness (allude to Appendix 3). This implies the organization can expand limit while still equipped to keep up altered expenses contrasted and different players. Emirates can have admittance to worldwide markets with more no teworthy topographical scope. Therefore, this makes a high stoppage to different contestants because of high expenses and extent of business. Brand loyalty and product qualityEmirates has built up its brand and image significantly within the last two decades. More customers have suit loyal and chosen Emirates when travelling from the Middle East and Europe or NZ (Stanik et al, 2007) because of high quality, product innovation and excellent service. take into account strategyEmirates are differentiated as a legacy airline where advanced technology, staff achievements and ancillary services are the main drivers for success. Therefore, Emirates is aware of the need for continuous innovations, not only in fleet and staff expansion but also in premium services. Emirates has been renowned for technology development and skilled staff of multi- finishing backgrounds (Stanik et al, 2007).2.2.2.7Nature of customers and market segmentsMarket segmentation has been obviously defined legacy airlines, low-cost and budget airlines. As a luxury and legacy airline, Emirates has determined its focused differentiation, targeting at sophisticated customers and business travelers. As its logo says Step aboard an interactive tour of all the elements that make up the Emirates difference, on and off the ground excellent service, outstanding comfort and superior technology (Emirates, n d.).Industry markets have become ap namely segmented. Boosting budget airlines have attracted passengers and created higher competition when customers become more price-sensitive. This requires Emirates to re-consider strategic development direction.2.3 Internal AnalysisThis section will explore Emirates key resources in an effort to identify its SWOT and outlines how the businesss value chain is structured what strategies it has pursued and how competitive it is, compared to competitors. StrengthsAdvanced engineering and consistent developmentDeveloped base restrictive terminal, nearby air terminal ground administrations, lounges Large and young fleetStable fund abilityCompetence of strategic management, know-howSkilled staff of diverse culturesBrand loyalty and good willAbsolute cost advantages low home-base work expense fuel subsidies, free neighborhood taxes Economies of scaleScope of business, in term of established value chainWeaknessesLack of nearby gifted work, just about depended on expatsFinance intensely depended on oil send out, potentially bringing about budgetary deficiency when oil value drops. Cost-concentrated business due to passing diversified value chain Home government subsidies Local economy dependence.Opportunities high global market expansion and entrance due to expanding deregulation and liberalization Gaining promoting profits of large size and network spread when being of consolidation trim competition on duopolistic routesPossible entry into low cost market penetration due to absolute cost advantages and economies of scaleThreatsLow-cost revolutio n more intense competitionUnstoppable deregulation and liberalizationConsolidation and concentration within alliancesFuel price fluctuation,Uncertain recovery of economic crisisEnvironmental constraints mode change, global warming, shortage of resources, air pollution2.3.1 Tangible resourcesIn light of latest technology and excellent service strategies, Emirates is in the forefront of the industry, owning the most in advance(p) fleet of 113 aircrafts, global markets of 100 destinations in 62 countries, over 12,800highly-skilled staff of more than 100 nationalities and significant market share (see Appendix 3). It is undeniable that these resources are vital to Emirates success. Emirates has highly developed infrastructure such as home-base airport, exclusive terminal, supporting services. Further, the companys finance is highly stable. All of these contribute to competitive advantages over competitors.2.3.2 Intangible valuesManagements competenceStaffs skills and know-how together with strong dedication are crucial to success (Stanik et al, 2007). These can be proved through how they survived and made profits after the 9/11 event which was a crisis in the industry while other airlines denote bankruptcy or mischiefes. Emirates was cautious about not creating over- mental object and appropriate launch of new products when and where demand and profitability are high (Stanik et al, 2007). Emirates succeeded in expanding into NZ in 2003 when this new destination saw 29 international airlines offering services to the country. This know-how and core competences can not be copied. Thus, Emirates owns a great value of its goodwill, established throughout its life.Absolute cost advantagesEmirates actually obtained advantages from Dubais ultra-efficient airport, tax-free environment and especially low-labor costs, less than 20 per cent of its wide-cut costs while competitors struggled with that up to 35 to 40 per cent (Stanik et al, 2007).Brand ImageBy establishing brand associations with high- profile international events through sponsorships. incumbently, some prominent sponsorships are FIFA World Cup, Rugby concretion World Cup 2011, ICC World Cup 2011, Cricket Australia, Emirates Team New Zealand, 15 international golf tournaments, horse- racing events such as the Melbourne Cup, the Singapore bowler hat and the Dubai World Cup, car racing, tennis, arts, culture and AFL (Collingwood)Brand loyaltyEmirates has built up its brand significantly within the last two decades. More customers have become loyal and chosen Emirates when travelling from the Middle East and Europe to New Zealand and Australia (Stanik et al, 2007) in terms of high product quality, product innovation and excellent service.Economies of ScaleAs outlined in Key Success Factors2.3.3 Established Value ChainEmirates is renowned for a huge range of properties, diversified business, contributing to its full operations. Most operations are owned and run by Emirates. Dubai Inter national Airport has exclusive Emirates Terminal 3 (Emirates, n d.). Emirates adopts vertical integration into its core business structure, incorporating diversified properties. This resembles itself through manufacturing, marketing and technology. Emirates directly operates check-in, service desks, boarding and lounge services, baggage and handling and airport push-backs (Emirates, n d.). In addition, Emirates hotels & resorts Emirates sky despatch Emirates atmosphere college for pilot and staff trainingEmirates engineering centre for repair, maintenance and training Emirates catering, incorporate business support (Emirates, n d.). These activities make up flat operations for the airlines success. Obviously, Emirates has a great potential to create added value through vertical integration in the value chain, defined by Hill et al (2007). As stated, there are many Emirates-branded subsidiaries and partner companies that operate in conjunction with the business. On the basis of th is assessment, Emirates outweighs competitive advantages over competitors, in terms of productivity, cost efficiency and entrepreneurial management.2.3.4 Key strategies employedReviewing the companys business-level strategies, its focused differentiation as a 5-star standard airline, underlines product development in terms of luxury, excellent quality and service. Emirates has proven to be a successful company exploiting this market segment with high profitability.Considering its capabilities, competences, competitive advantages and economies of scale, Emirates has decided to expand global markets on its own. Explaining to the direction of not joining a major alliance, Maurice Flanagan, Vice-Chairman, answered the company had examined and could not see any business case for it (Stanik et al, 2007). Explicitly, this indicates how strategic the management are as they consider possible impact of entering major alliances with strong competitors of similar-level economies of scale, opera ting within the markets and channels. Taking into consideration that it is well-established and can compete with other major players with its own competitive advantages and core competences. Emirates avoids giving away its know-how, technology and other resource values to potential competitors (Hill, et al., 2007). This becomes an example of excellent strategic management.Emirates is in stable growth stage of the industry lifecycle. The companys strategies have been appropriate. Thus, Emirates grew at an average annual rate of 25% one of the 20 biggest and the five most profitable airlines in the world in 2004 (Stanik et al, 2007). Appendix 3 shows revenues and profitability.2.4 Organizational Culture at EmiratesCulture is very important for emirates because emirates have employees with 32 different nationalities. It is a challenge for emirates as a company to manage this and it is a need to create a same and collaborative organizational culture. Emirates efforts for management to align and create a unified vision let alone culture, there was no unified identity and individuals were acting and reacting as individuals and hot as a cohesive force. Emirates needed a cohesive force that provided an exclusive type of service in line with the emirates philosophy, to complete their task to open its flagship dimension of hotels and resorts within a deadline.3 Force Field AnalysisForce Field AnalysisRestraining ForcesDriving ForcesRestraining Forces1. Different cultures2. Different nationalities3. Different backgrounds4. Different dumbfound and want to work5. Work in a comfortable in which they are used to6. Loss of status7. Personal beliefs8. People and FeelingsDriving Forces1. hope to work well2. Clear communications3. Managers want a fully operational hotel in 4 weeks and will need to encourage 4. Persuade staff to change and develop new culture5. Vision6. Team work7. Communication8. Team work9. Change management10. Winning4 Success of Emirates managing culture changeEmirates use different methods and techniques for change are as follows Culture Change ProcessBy changing and keeping a culture use the DCP (Directive Communication Psychology) change in the organization1. Top management committed to result without their egos. In that case management should show their commitment towards productivity2. Try to discover different factors that are difficulty of the people, in addition to earn more money. Real issues noticeable for example impression the lack of complaisance between the managers and the subordinates. In addition many of them believed that their contribution was important but no body pay attention to their work. There was previously open constitution from the senior management to resolve that typeof problems but nobody used it. Top management discussed that they can accepted and for immediate carry outation of new programs.3. acknowledge who has the positive and negative influence. In this case identified total number of positiv e and negative influencer.4. Apply the DC Revolution strategy by separating the total into 2 groups. This method includes five 1 day experiential guidance, every by 1 day on spot apply and spreading of skill gained at the workshop. The bidding included the psychological tools on how individuals could attain their own personal emotional and life goals through their work and related their own triumph as a purpose of successfully cooperating with others. In an experiential atmosphere, key influencers become alert of the effects they have had on their environment and how that has affected their lives and success. They take responsibility for their world and no longer charge others for their problems.5. Tackle the emotional issues found in the innovation procedure this is done through creating Guiding principles that they take out from their communications with others in the organization. They expand into the delegates for the group.6. Contain trainers on site to support in the distribu tion of information and put into practice into the work processes. either key influencer works with 5 others to implement what they have find out and those 5 then work with 3 to 5 others. In core, the key influencers become the consultants and the trainers simply assist these internal consultants to be effective7. Include a half-day show and appearance where the entire organization attends. The key influencers perform scenes from their work environment that all can relate to and how the difficulties are overcome with the new knowledge that everyone has attained through the program. Key influencers also present amend proposed by them and the other staff to senior management8. Top management accepts the initiatives proposed, Because they have fallen within the guidelines that were preset by the top management in the discovery process step 2. To set this commitment, the revolutionaries prepare their Revolutionary statement of belief on a large board where everyone signs it including t op management in the acceptance of the newculture they have created9. Grip revolutionary elections where the corporate revolutionaries choose a leader from their peers. The elections also include general and 2 reserves for each general. The purpose, to keep the revolt going by having a representative that actions the revolution initiatives and organizes the revolutionaries to implementation. They also are accountable to make sure that top management doesnt get too busy in the short term to apply the guiding principles that will make the big difference in the long term. The revolution leadership are elected era and part of their accountable to maintain the honesty of the guiding principles across the organization.Consulsion27 years after its start, Emirates has established itself as a pioneer in the airline industry and has set a benchmark for other airlines to follow.Connecting100 Destinations across 6 continents, it has emerged as one of the leading airlines in terms of fleet size , income, international passengers carried and quality of service in a relatively short span of time. With a fleet of 144 aircraft and 204 aircraft on order which include 90 Airbus A380 aircraft, Emirates has been one of the few bright spots for the sluggish aviation industry and seems well on course to achieve its aim of connecting any two destinations in the world with one stop at its hub in Dubai. When dubais flag carieer is born, the major airline serving Middle East cities, Dubai and other was Gulf Air, an airline which owns by the governments of Bahrain, Qutar,Abu Dhabi and Oman.However, In October 1985, Gulf Air reduced its flights to Dubai owing to the governments Open Skies policy. Gulf Air feared that its flights to Dubai merely served as a regional feeder for bigger international airlines and the Government of Dubai refused to grant it protection from foreign competition. This step prompted the Dubai government to consider launching its own airline. Six months after a fea sibility study was conducted, Emirates was officially launched. The airline started off with a fleet of 2 leased aircraft and an fledging capital of $10 million, which was not considered a significant capital to run an airline even back in 1985. The government also announced that the airline would not receive any further government funding. Few wouldhave given the airline a chance back in 1985. However, by 1988, Emirates had already added 12 destinations and was well on target to add many more. By the early 1990s, Emirates had established itself as one of the fastest growing airlines and was carrying over 2 million passengers annually, a figure that grew to 27.5 million in 2009. It had become increasingly evident that Emirates was a tremendous success story of the aviation industry.One factor that distinguishes Emirates from other airlines is its strong financial performance. It has registered a loss only once in its 27 year history. Despite significant expansion and investment in i nfrastructure, Emirates bottom line has been largely robust. Within 8 years of its launch, Emirates revenue stood at $500 million and by 1998, operating revenues had crossed the $1 billion mark. The airline announced a net profit of around AED 3.5 billion ($951.6 million) for the fiscal year 2009-2010. Despite significant economic hardships faced by the aviation industry at large, Emirates has proved to be highly profitable. Over the years, the airline has been able to build a strong brand and has developed a loyal customer base. A sizable chunk of its success can be attributed to the emergence of its hub city, Dubai as a global tourist and financial hub. As the number of tourists to the city has increased significantly over the past decade, a large number of them have preferred to travel by Emirates. The airline also offers attractive holiday packages and hotel stays at the Burj Khalifa to lure passengers.Emirates is oft seen as a symbol of Dubais progress and this has also been a cknowledged by Sheikh Ahmad bin Saeed Al Makhtoum, Chairman and Chief Executive of The Emirates Group, the parent company of the airline. In an interview with Gulf News, a Dubai newspaper, Sheikh Ahmad said, Together with Dubai, Emirates has grown and prospered. Working in tandem, the city and the airline have defied expectations, building an international business and leisure destination, alongside a highly successful and profitable airline. Emirates has also raised the bar for its competitors as far as quality of service is concerned. The airline is credited to be the first airline to introduce personal in-flight entertainment systems after it installed video systems for all seats in all classes in 1992. Emirates is also one of the few airlines that allows passengers to use cell phones to make in-flight calls. Emirates success also stems from its ability to offer a wide range of non-stop flights fromits hub in Dubai to destinations such as New York, Los Angeles, Sydney and Sao Pau lo. Currently, it operates the most number of ultra-long-haul flights with seven flights. It also offers more seats on intercontinental routes than Air France and British Airways combined.This is a rather staggering statistic given that Emirates does not have a large home market compared to other European airlines. Another key feature of Emirates global presence is its continuous zeal to expand operations as adds more destinations to its already vast global network. The Airbus A380, the worlds largest passenger airplane, has been a focal point of this expansion strategy. Emirates has been the largest buyer of the A380. Its $11.5 billion order for 32 A380 aircraft at the 2010 Berlin Air Show which raised its total order for the aircraft to 90 is ample testimony of its expansion plans. In addition, it also placed a $9.1 billion order for 30 Boeing 777 aircraft, which can seat over 300 passengers, at the 2010 Farnborough Air Show. The airline sees international aviation being dominate d by large aircraft in the future as passengers preferences become more inclined towards non-stop commercial flights. It thus aims to be equipped with the capacity to handle this demand well in advance. However, the path ahead for Emirates is not entirely turbulent-free.Competitors have become increasingly wary of the airlines progress and have often accused it of benefitting from government subsidies, a claim that Emirates has constantly denied. This accusation has prompted the airline to publish audited financial statements on its website. International carriers argue that they are unable to compete with Emirates on a level playing field. European carriers, in particular, fear that Emirates penchant to connect cities with long-haul flights may reduce the importance of European hubs. Lufthansa has been lobbying the German government to restrict landing rights offered to Emirates. Similarly, Canada has also restricted the carriers landing rights in Toronto and has refused to approve flights to Vancouver.Meanwhile, Emirates has said that international fears are untamed and considers these recent developments to be a ploy to hinder its growth and expansion. Given, the large number of orders placed with Airbus and Boeing, Emirates will not want to be left with prodigality capacity when the orders are fulfilled. It can ill afford to underutilize its fleet of large aircraft and its future success will be partially dependent on the effective utilization of its capacity. Thoughgeo-political and economic challenges remain, Emirates seems well poised to take further leaps in the industry and consolidate its position as a leading airline.ReferencesANZ McCaughan and Forsyth, P. 1990, Australian Airlines Implications of Deregulation and Privatisation, MonographBisignani, G 2009 Worlds airlines seen losing billions this year, news, retrieved 20/04/2009,Borenstein, S., The Evolution of U.S. Airline Competition, Journal of Economic Perspectives 6, 45-73 (1992).Brueckner, J .K. and P.T. Spiller, Economies of Traffic Density in the Deregulated Airline Industry, Journal of truth and Economics 37, 379-415(1994).Brueckner, J.K., The Economics of International Codesharing An Analysis of Airline Alliances, International Journal of Industrial Organization 19, 1475-1498 (2001).Cathay Pacific Airlines, n.d. Fact sheet, retrieved 18/04/2009,Doganis, R 2005, Current Challenges and the Future Shape of the Airline Industry, Airline Industry Conference Agenda Seminar Notes, Imperial College, London.Doganis, R 2001, the Airline Business in the 21st Century, Routledge, UK.Emirates Airlines, n.d. Emirates Story come about Chauffeur Drive Emirates Experience, Emirates News, retrieved 20/04/2009,Hanlon, P. 1999, Global Airlines competition in a transnational industry, 2ndedn. Butterworth Heinemann, Linacre House, Oxford.Hill, C. Jones, G. Galvin, P. and Haidar A., 2007, Strategic Management An Integrated Approach, 2nd edn, John Wiley & Son Australia, Ltd. Milton Qld.H ofmann, 2007, Airlines implement strategies to compete with low cost carriers, website news, retrieved 20/04/2009, www.euromonitor.comHoovers, 2008, Industry news, retrieved 21/04/2009,Howard, S 2008, Corporate Responsibility and the Financial Crisis, Video, Commentary & Research, retrieved 20/04/2009, http//vcr.csrwire.com/node/12017M2 Communications Ltd., 2006, air passage INDUSTRY INFORMATIONOum, T.H. Park, J.H and Zhang A. 1999, Globalization and Strategic AlliancesThe case of the airline industry, Elsevier Science Ltd. Oxford, OX5 1GBOum, T.H. Yu, C. Park, 1999, Winning Airlines, Productivity and Cost Competitiveness of the Worlds Major Airlines, Kluwer faculty member Publishers, Massachusetts, U.S.AQantas Report, 2007, retrieved 20/04/2009,Stanik, A. Smith, P. Erakovic, E. (2007) Emirates Airlines Expansion into New Zealand in Hill et al, Strategic Management An Integrated Approach, Wiley Milton QLD Web Case StudyThompson, AA, Strickland, AJ and Gamble, JE 2007, Crafting a nd Executing Strategy, 15th edn, McGraw-Hill, New York NY 10020. Virgin Blue Airlines, n.d. Virgin Blues history, retrieved 16/04/2009,United Nations World Tourism Organization website, 2009, Facts & Figures, retrieved 22/04/2009,World Fact Book website, 2009, retrieved 19/04/2009,Www.Scbrid .com for the Refrence and http//www.theconsul.org/ for conclusion.

What Makes Me Happy

Gujarat and Maharashtra Social economic data (populations, education, trade, agriculture, urbanization), infrastructure, development, and policies. What is the primary focus of each disk operating system? How do population densities comp be? Are both these countries agriculturally self-sufficient? How educated is the labor force? Gujarat is located in the west side of India, and lies in the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is encircled by different states on each side. The population of the state holds about 60 million mess who speak the language of Gujarat which is gujarati.The people from Gujarat believe that art, culture, and modus vivendi make life peaceful and calm. (The official Gujarat state portal) Art is a big deal in their state they feel a sense of emancipation to express their culture and how they feel. They also believe music is the words of the angels. They dance and praise their music to give thanks to their angels for their success and lifestyle. In Gujarat is where al l the highly praised legends come from for example Gandhi, a freedom fighter. Gujarat has a lot of great things about it some other amazing thing about this country is their schools.They make confident(predicate) to have great Universities to have well educated people, but in fact more men go to a University then women do. There are more men than women in Gujarat, the ratio has gotten better over the years. There is a great deal of pride amongst the people in Gujarat for their state. There is another state in India that is rich in their culture, and that is Maharashtra, India. Maharashtra is located in the western region of India. Maharashtra is the third largest state in India but the wealthiest state. The native language people speak in Maharashtra is Marathi.

Is Privacy In The 21st Century Possible? Essay

secretiveness was once valued and harbored. But now with so many new and convenient expert advancements, is screen in the 21st century possible? To protect our privacy Congress created the Electronics Privacy Acts (ECPA) to protect us from government access to private information that is transmitted and stored on the Internet, such as emails, private photos, or corporate data.Congress has not updated the ECPA on technology since it was created, in 1986. When the ECPA was created there was no demesne Wide Web, social networking was just aboutthing in the future, and nothing was stored in what we call the cloud. With all the technological changes in instantlys society no unrivaled is protected. Privacy is defined as being free from the public eye. Yet we urinate so many people sharing personal information on social networking websites, and government agencies monitoring emails, and phone calls most of the time without our knowledge. There is no privacy in the 21st century, it is just a nostalgic feeling, and it is no longer practiced.Todays privacy laws arent up to date with todays technology. Things are rarely sent through the mail, and emails and text messages have replaced scripted communication. Online messaging and social networking was something of a novelty when lawmakers created the ECPA (Frolik, 2013). A recent article from the Dayton Daily news written by Cornelius Frolik on June 2013 he mentioned, The disposal skunk easily access many personal communications and other private information without sufficient probable cause. Instead of acquiring a warrant that requires more standards and procedures. presidential term agencies instead obtain subpoenas to obtain peoples emails, and telephone records (Frolik, 2013). Although, local authorities catch split of dangerous criminals through information online like emails, photos, and social media sites like Facebook some critics still feel it is an invasion of privacy.Also as our technology advances by leaps, and leap so does the way Government uses new high tech tools to surveillance law-abiding citizens. Though our Fourth Amendment states to protect the Ameri bottomland people from unreasonable searches and seizures. closely everything is done throughtechnology in the 21st century. This meaning that government can seize any emails that are 180 days or that has been undefended without a warrant subpoenas have start out the most used investigator tool for Government agencies. The reason why is because they can be easily written inside the prosecutors office without any further review from a judge.This means there is an exception to the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, if it satisfies the requirements. The question we should be asking when it comes to Government and our privacy are Is to explain a clear to a lower placestanding of the word privacy? If the Government cannot clarify the term privacy then how can they protect our privacy? The lack of clarit y makes it hard for lawmakers to create new policies that will keep our privacy out of harm (Libin, 2012). Two reasons why privacy can be considered threaten in todays society one being the Government powers are limitless, and two being we the American people debunk ourselves digitally (Libin, 2012). The people of America should come together and declare for the Government to protect our privacy rather than participate in warrantless searches (Libin, 2012). The fact that the Government can argue that the Fourth Amendment does not apply because there is no exception to privacy when it comes to protecting national security, then that leave the American people in times of calamity, and crisis.Laws like the ECPA is a law that the Government has an obligation to respect (Libin, 2012). The ECPA protect the privacy of the electronic communications, but when law go forment and prosecutors have to protect and enforce laws, personal information has to be collected to build a case (Libin, 20 12). The solution is more complex than simply, and right now the Government is facing difficulties reckoning out the best way to protect the American people (Libin, 2012). Given all the information privacy seems to be the problem. It can be portrayed in many ways, one as its protecting the public from terrorism, and local crime and two being if you are innocent, what do you have to hide?In 2014 I find that most American people store their digital lives in what we call The Cloud which included emails, calendar data, photos, and other sensitive information. The ECPA has become obsolete. Technology today leaves the ECPA outdated, the laws have not changed since it was originally createdin 1986. The existing privacy laws only focus on the text-based personal records, and the issues that people face today with this outdated privacy law is gathering of digital multi-media files, and the way this unauthorized data is used (Lipton, 2010). Do you consider video surveillance systems out on t he street personal data? Some may say yes and some may say no. According to a case study researched by Jacqueline D. Lipton, if the face of an individual is recognizable, than it is considered personal data. Some people feel protected with the video surveillance capturing their every moment.Then on the other hand some people feel they are being scrutinized being watched by video surveillance. The U.S. has a protection for free speech and for free of a press under the First Amendment. However there is no express constitutional right to privacy (Lipton, 2012). The question that American people should rigorously examine is whether or not Congress should repeal the ECPA and creates new privacy laws to replace it (Kerr, 2014). The ECPA should be considered top priority when it comes to being reformed. If Congress were to start fresh on what changes to make on the ECPA the technologic changes would have to be particularly considered.Being that the cost of stored information has changed it also changes how law enforcements surveillance people, it threatens privacy. In 1986 this all made sense because the internet was knowing at this time to only hold limited storage, and wire-tapping was a threat more than stored information (Kerr, 2014). Overall access to stored record has become the greatest privacy threat. Technology has changed enormously, now everything is stored. With everything being stored now in what we call The Cloud like mentioned before stored information begins to reveal the same level of gunpoints as real time surveillance or real-time access (Kerr, 2014). Stored information has become more revealing an invasive. (Kerr, 2014).References_Cohen, J. E. (2013). What is Privacy For._ Harvard Law Review Association_,_ 126_(7), 1904,29. Retrieved from http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=34a7b883-e7a4-45d2-aff3-a25b4e535c3e%40sessionmgr110&hid=107&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3ddb=edsgbe&AN=edsgcl.333333595__Kerr, 0. S . (2014). The Next Generation Communications Privacy Act._ University of Pennsylvania Law Review_,_ 162_(2), 373-419. Retrieved from http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/command/detail?vid=26&sid=34a7b883-e7a4-45d2-aff3-a25b4e535c3e%40sessionmgr110&hid=107&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3ddb=aph&AN=93917886__Libn, N. (2012). PRIVACY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY Foreword._ Harvard Law and Policy Review_,_ 6_, 263. Retrieved from http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=15&sid=34a7b883-e7a4-45d2-aff3-a25b4e535c3e%40sessionmgr110&hid=107&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3ddb=edslex&AN=edslex2F0EC940__Lipton, J. D. (2010). Digitlal Multi-Media and The Limits of Privacy Law._ Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law_,_ 42_(3), 551-571. Retrieved from http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=24&sid=34a7b883-e7a4-45d2-aff3-a25b4e535c3e%40sessionmgr110&hid=107&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3ddb=bsh&AN=51 909959__Sutanto, J., Palme, E., Chuan-Hoo, T., & Chee Wei, P. (2013). Addressing The Personalization-Privacy Paradox An Empirical Assessment From a Field Experiment on Smartphone Users._ MIS Quarterly_,_ 37_(4), 1141-A5. Retrieved from http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=29&sid=34a7b883-e7a4-45d2-aff3-a25b4e535c3e%40sessionmgr110&hid=107&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3ddb=bsh&AN=91906295_

Password Protection Essay

Today, allone is having online banking account and e-mail account . Safety is an important aspect. If almost intruder steal our password, then we have to pay high price for it. So protecting password is a significant factor for each and every one in this e-world. This speech provides mechanism to protect our online password. Choosing a Good Password Your password is what tells the computer that you are who you say you are. Until we can do retina scans handle in James Bond movies, the password is the best that we can do. But, because your password is like a key to your account, you need to safeguard it.Anyone who has your password can bum around into your account, and your files. Anyone who can guess your password has it. Anyone who has your password can pose as you. Therefore, you may be held responsible for someone elses actions, if they are able to mature your password. You may not wish this to happen. Tips on safeguarding your password * First and foremost, NEVER give your pa ssword to anyone. Anyone means your coworkers, your spouse, your systems decision maker. In the event of an emergency, the sysadmin can change your password. Your sytems administrator never has a need to know your personal password.If someone needs to get onto our machines, and has a reason to be here, do not give them admission fee to your account. Speak to the systems staff about us setting up an account for them. We would be very happy to give them one. * Make your password something you can remember. Do not write it down. If you really, honestly forget your password, we can easily give you a new one. Wed rather set your password once a month because you forgot it than have someone find it written down and gain unauthorized access to your account. * Make your password difficult for others to guess.This is not as austere as it initially seems. See the section below on chosing a good password. * DO NOT Change your password because of mail from someone claiming to be your systems administrator, supposedly needing access to your files This is a popular scam in some circles. Remember, your systems administrator never needs your password for any reason. If someone needs to ingest you to change your password so that they can gain entry to your account, they do not have reason to be there. We run sophisticated password nutty on the password files of our machines.

Creation Myth Compare and Contrast

Usually, creation storys shake off a diffuse of similarities and seem to bugger strike the same message. A creation myth is a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people commencement exercise came to inhabit it. There are many different creation myths that have been passed down from genesis to generation and in Enuma Elish Osiris, Isis and Horus and contemporaries you are able to see just how similar they are, but also unconvincing different. One of the first things you result notice in these myths is that they are all based on gods. separately myth has an evil entity that helps set the myth to ordain a story on what happened and to get the message across. Each evil entity plays a big part in the myth and lastly loses the battle to show that great always prevails.1. Osiris, Isis and Horus Set was the son of Geb and Nut who chose to be born on the third day. Set was offensive from the very beginning choosing the time and manner of his birth. Osiris became k ing of Upper and Lower Egypt. Set wanted to choose over the country and established a plan to trick Osiris by showing a bonny wooden box during the feast.Set said that anyone who can fit in the box perfectly was able to maintain the box little did everyone know that Set secretly measured the box to fit Osiris. Once Osiris had his overrule to fit in the box, it was nailed shut with him inside. They then poured melted lead to make sure that he suffocated. Isis eventually was able to bring Osiris back to life and in the mean time their son, Horus, was born. Horus was born to avenge his buzz offs death and kill Set. Isis would not allow Horus to kill Set, so they battled distributively other, and Horus won each time.2. Enuma Elish Tiamat was encouraged by her son Kingu to seek revenge her children to avenge the death of Apsu and for creating a fourfold summit that kept them awake and disturbed their bodies. Tiamat created monsters to help her win this battle against the other g ods, but they had something else in mind. They do Marduk fight the battle against Tiamat be earn the others were not strong enough and Marduk was the wisest and strongest of all of the gods. Marduk won the battle against Tiamat and killed her to make the firmament and the earth from her body.3. Genesis The evil entity in Genesis is the serpent that convinces evening to eat the apple off of the tree of wisdom. God specifically told Adam and Eve not to eat this production as it was forbidden. Eve gave in and ate the fruit and then had Adam do the same. Because of the serpent, Adam and Eve ate the fruit and they were all punished and put stunned of the Garden of Eden. As you can see, each myths evil entity lost their battle during the story. None of them achieved what they wanted to, which shows that good always overcomes evil, even though thither are conflicts raised from it.Sometimes you have to fight for what you know is right, but eventually, the good always shines. Enuma Eli sh and Genesis are most similar in a few different ways. With these myths, you are really able to tell that most creation myths are a foundation on the way different cultures are make up. Some of the similarities amongst Enuma Elish and Genesis are1. Both myths imply that there was nothing in the beginning. In Genesis it states, In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the pop out of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. The myth of Enuma Elish starts by stating In the beginning, only water and the mist that hovered supra it existed. As you can see, twain myths beginning started with nothing until the Gods created something.2. The Enuma Elish is recorded on seven tablets where as Genesis states that everything was created in seven days.3. In both myths, water is divided into upper and lower waters.Both of these creation myths have a similar beginning as well as a similar plot they bot h created human life to worship God and the gods, to serve them. Both had an evil entity in them that tried to cause chaos to the gods. Although I do think that all three myths are very similar, I recall that Enuma Elish is most different from Osiris, Isis and Horus. The difference between the two is shown when it comes to the creation of the world around them. The difference between the two myths is1. In Osiris, Isis and Horus doesnt mention anything about the creation of the heavens, earth, etc.in the beginning.The myth starts out with the parents of Osiris and Isis and the story of how Nut was not allowed to give birth in any calendar month of any year.2. The beginning of the the Enuma Elish starts out with what all existed and how the waters were split between gods.Each myth has a lot of similarities as well as differences but they each tell a story on how things were created. completely of the myths had gods that tried to do good for the other gods and had an evil entity try to change that. Each of the explained how good will always outweigh evil even though evil is always in the world.

Texting vs. Calling

Texting vs. work The evolution of cadreular retrieve shout outs has changed the world socially. The creation of stall phones began in the 1840s, however the first phone did non keep an eye on out publically until 1977 ( carrel phones). legal suppurate of populate today could not go a day without their phones. Now that phones are to a greater extent portable, lighter, smaller, and easier to use, to a greater extent(prenominal) and more large number are upgrading and getting peeleder phones. Since the 1990s, cell phones throw away added new features to expand the way we go through and through with others.With the new cell phones today, a soulfulness mintister do more than simply make phone calls, he or she drive out schoolbook edition edition, instant mental object, and cast emails. The two roughly common forms of communication through a cell phone are make a phone call and schoolbooking. Despite the detail that texting and label have umpteen a(pren ominal) similarities, they have many differences. Texting is when a person types a short message on a cell phone and de regulatees it to another(prenominal) person with a cell phone. Texting allows more devisal be understanding it is a faster way to get in touch with someone.There are a lot of tribe who will not even call on their phones, still will respond to a text immediately. Texting is more private. When a person is in a public place, he or she will not disturb others and no one would know what his or her conversation is well-nigh. An individual fuck also send a picture through a text. For example, kinda of describing an item over the phone, a person can send a picture. We can see many useful things that texting bring to us. bandage texting, we can venture clearly before we intend to say something.Once a person says something while on the phone, it is out in the open and he or she cannot take it back. While texting give us some time to take aim carefully before saying what we compute. This can creator less drama and fights. It is also more unvoiced to start a conversation by vocation every time. Sometimes, texting will be good for explaining or saying sorry. Having conversations can either push people apart or bring people together. Depending on how a person says it and what kind of tone he or she uses, results in the way others may react.As if cell phones werent already pricey enough, the cost to have text messaging and calling features can put a dent in his or her pocket. That brings up another difference between texting and calling. Texting on the wandering phone is less costly than calling. Students and younger teenagers privilege paying for text messages rather than phone calls, peculiarly when theyre low on money and do not have a job. Unless a person has unlimited texting, it can range from ten cents up to about twenty-five cents a message. Calling can be between one dollar to a dollar and twenty-five cents.It all depends on the pho ne plan he or she tell aparts, scarcely the cost of calling is still more than the cost of text messaging. Even when researching the statistics of calling and texting, people can deduce to the conclusion that more cell phone users choose texting over calling. More and more people take that texting is more fun and easier than calling. All of this texting activity has come at the expense of voice. Last year, teens texted instead of calling because it was fun. Now, more teens consider texting faster and easier than calling.Voice activity has fall fourteen percent among teens, who average 646 minutes talk on the phone per month. Many adults over the age of fifty-five, on the other hand, prefer to talk instead of text. It is said that they channel by calling more than teens do. If it seems interchangeable American teens are texting all the time, its probably because on average theyre displace or receiving 3,339 texts a month. Its amazing at how many people use texting more than calling, but sometimes calling can do more than texting can. Texting can be short and sweet however, around people think calling is more meaningful.Someone can pick up the phone, and say, I love you, mom or I will have dinner at home, Dad. Just by hearing his or her voice, the parent will feel more live up to compared to reading a text message. By calling, cell phone users can talk with their friends comfortably and imparting their emotions to their friends naturally. Although twain have their own value, I weigh that calling makes people closer than texting. Besides, people just call for 911. If they try texting a message to 911, it wint quite work out like they thought. I will say that some messages you shouldnt reply to.Some messages are sent just to lurch information that the receiver needs to complete a project or something simple as a greeting or a farewell. Also think about the senior(a), they are not used to the new technology that the new mobile devices offer, s o most likely text messaging will be out of the question for them. A lot of elderly people have bad vision and wont quite understand the contrasting options and menus that a new mobile device has to offer. The simple task of texting could take them up to thirty or more minutes, and Im sure this will puzzle very aggravating.Cell phones can be very distracting. both texting and calling while driving are dangerous, but texting is absolutely unacceptable and more likely to cause accidents. Cell phone users have to look down in the mouth at the phone to text and call. While fashioning a phone call, it takes less time to telephone control a number than it does to type out a sentence. Texting causes drivers to focus more on what a text message says rather than worrying about driving. Phone calls require drivers to focus on the phone to dial a number, but its not about as distracting as texting.Overall, there are different aspects to look at when choosing whether to call or text, but both are great ways to communicate through a cell phone. A text or call can let people know they are being thought about and send out a bit of emotion. They both have many similarities and differences, but I moot the differences overcome the similarities and are more important. Works Cited Cell Phones. Cell Phone History. N. p. , 2008. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. <http//cellphones. org/cell-phone-history. html>.Texting vs. CallingTexting vs. Calling The evolution of cell phones has changed the world socially. The creation of cell phones began in the 1840s, but the first phone did not come out publically until 1977 (Cell Phones). Majority of people today could not go a day without their phones. Now that phones are more portable, lighter, smaller, and easier to use, more and more people are upgrading and getting newer phones. Since the 1990s, cell phones have added new features to expand the way we communicate with others.With the new cell phones today, a person can do more than just mak e phone calls, he or she can text, instant message, and send emails. The two most common forms of communication through a cell phone are making a phone call and texting. Despite the fact that texting and calling have many similarities, they have many differences. Texting is when a person types a short message on a cell phone and sends it to another person with a cell phone. Texting allows more convenience because it is a faster way to get in touch with someone.There are a lot of people who will not even call on their phones, but will respond to a text immediately. Texting is more private. When a person is in a public place, he or she will not disturb others and no one would know what his or her conversation is about. An individual can also send a picture through a text. For example, instead of describing an item over the phone, a person can send a picture. We can see many useful things that texting bring to us. While texting, we can think clearly before we intend to say something.On ce a person says something while on the phone, it is out in the open and he or she cannot take it back. While texting give us some time to consider carefully before saying what we think. This can cause less drama and fights. It is also more difficult to start a conversation by calling every time. Sometimes, texting will be good for explaining or saying sorry. Having conversations can either push people apart or bring people together. Depending on how a person says it and what kind of tone he or she uses, results in the way others may react.As if cell phones werent already pricey enough, the cost to have text messaging and calling features can put a dent in his or her pocket. That brings up another difference between texting and calling. Texting on the mobile phone is less costly than calling. Students and younger teenagers prefer paying for text messages rather than phone calls, especially when theyre low on money and do not have a job. Unless a person has unlimited texting, it can range from ten cents up to about twenty-five cents a message. Calling can be between one dollar to a dollar and twenty-five cents.It all depends on the phone plan he or she chooses, but the cost of calling is still more than the cost of text messaging. Even when researching the statistics of calling and texting, people can come to the conclusion that more cell phone users choose texting over calling. More and more people agree that texting is more fun and easier than calling. All of this texting activity has come at the expense of voice. Last year, teens texted instead of calling because it was fun. Now, more teens consider texting faster and easier than calling.Voice activity has decreased fourteen percent among teens, who average 646 minutes talking on the phone per month. Many adults over the age of fifty-five, on the other hand, prefer to talk instead of text. It is said that they communicate by calling more than teens do. If it seems like American teens are texting all the time , its probably because on average theyre sending or receiving 3,339 texts a month. Its amazing at how many people use texting more than calling, but sometimes calling can do more than texting can. Texting can be short and sweet however, most people think calling is more meaningful.Someone can pick up the phone, and say, I love you, mom or I will have dinner at home, Dad. Just by hearing his or her voice, the parent will feel more satisfied compared to reading a text message. By calling, cell phone users can talk with their friends comfortably and transfer their emotions to their friends naturally. Although both have their own value, I believe that calling makes people closer than texting. Besides, people just call for 911. If they try texting a message to 911, it wont quite work out like they thought. I will say that some messages you shouldnt reply to.Some messages are sent just to deliver information that the receiver needs to complete a task or something simple as a greeting or a farewell. Also think about the elderly, they are not used to the new technology that the new mobile devices offer, so most likely text messaging will be out of the question for them. A lot of elderly people have bad vision and wont quite understand the different options and menus that a new mobile device has to offer. The simple task of texting could take them up to thirty or more minutes, and Im sure this will become very aggravating.Cell phones can be very distracting. Both texting and calling while driving are dangerous, but texting is absolutely unacceptable and more likely to cause accidents. Cell phone users have to look down at the phone to text and call. While making a phone call, it takes less time to dial a number than it does to type out a sentence. Texting causes drivers to focus more on what a text message says rather than worrying about driving. Phone calls require drivers to focus on the phone to dial a number, but its not nearly as distracting as texting.Overall, t here are different aspects to look at when choosing whether to call or text, but both are great ways to communicate through a cell phone. A text or call can let people know they are being thought about and send out a bit of emotion. They both have many similarities and differences, but I believe the differences overcome the similarities and are more important. Works Cited Cell Phones. Cell Phone History. N. p. , 2008. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. <http//cellphones. org/cell-phone-history. html>.